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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Physiology >Expertise, Automation and Trust in X-Ray Screening of Cabin Baggage
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Expertise, Automation and Trust in X-Ray Screening of Cabin Baggage

机译：随身行李X射线检查的专业知识，自动化和信任

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X-ray screening of passenger baggage is a key component in aviation security. The current study investigated how experts and novices performed in an X-ray baggage screening task while being assisted by an adaptable diagnostic aid. Furthermore, it examined how both groups operated and trusted this automated system. 30 experts (certified screeners) and 31 novices (students) had to indicate whether a target item (either a knife or a gun) was present in a series of X-ray images of cabin baggage. Half of the participants could choose between three different support levels of the diagnostic aid (DA): (1) no support, (2) a cue indicating the presence of a potential target without locating it, or (3) a cue indicating the presence of a potential target by surrounding it with a red frame. As expected, experts achieved higher detection performance (d’), were more self-confident and felt more competent in achieving the task than novices. Furthermore, experts experienced less time pressure and fatigue. Although both groups used the DA in a comparable way (in terms of support level used and frequency of level switches), results showed a performance increase for novices working with the DA compared to novices without support. This benefit of DA was not observed for experts. Interestingly, despite no difference in perceived trust ratings, experts were more compliant (i.e., following DA recommendations when it indicated the presence of a target) and reliant (i.e., following DA recommendations when it indicated the absence of a target) than novices. Altogether, the results of the present study suggested that novices benefited more from a DA than experts. Furthermore, compliance and reliance on DA seemed to depend on expertise with the task. Since experts should be better at assessing the reliability of the DA than novices, they may have used the DA as ‘back-up’ to confirm their decisions based on expertise (confirmatory function), while novices may have used it as a guide to base their decisions on (support function). Finally, trust towards a DA was associated with the degree to which participants found the DA useful.
机译：旅客行李的X光检查是航空保安的关键组成部分。当前的研究调查了专家和新手在进行X射线行李筛查任务时如何在适当的诊断辅助工具的协助下进行工作。此外，它还研究了两个团体如何操作和信任该自动化系统。 30位专家（经过认证的筛查人员）和31位新手（学生）必须指出一系列随身行李的X射线图像中是否存在目标物品（刀子或枪支）。一半的参与者可以在诊断援助（DA）的三个不同支持级别之间进行选择：（1）无支持，（2）指示潜在目标存在而没有找到目标的提示，或（3）指示存在目标的提示用红色框框住潜在目标。不出所料，专家获得了更高的检测性能（d’），比新手更自信，并且更有能力完成任务。此外，专家们减少了时间压力和疲劳感。尽管两个小组都以类似的方式使用DA（就使用的支持级别和级别切换的频率而言），但结果显示，与没有支持的新手相比，使用DA的新手的性能有所提高。专家没有观察到DA的这种好处。有趣的是，尽管感知信任度没有差异，但专家比新手更合规（即在指示目标存在时遵循DA建议）和依赖（即在指示无目标时遵循DA建议）。总之，本研究的结果表明，新手从DA中受益的多于专家。此外，对DA的遵从性和依赖性似乎取决于该任务的专业知识。由于专家应该比新手更擅长于评估DA的可靠性，因此他们可能已将DA用作“后备”以根据专业知识（确认功能）确认他们的决定，而新手可能已将DA用作基础的指导。他们的决定（支持功能）。最后，对DA的信任与参与者认为DA有用的程度有关。

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