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Development by Design: Mitigating Wind Development's Impacts on Wildlife in Kansas

机译：通过设计进行开发：缓解风能开发对堪萨斯州野生动物的影响

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Wind energy, if improperly sited, can impact wildlife through direct mortality and habitat loss and fragmentation, in contrast to its environmental benefits in the areas of greenhouse gas, air quality, and water quality. Fortunately, risks to wildlife from wind energy may be alleviated through proper siting and mitigation offsets. Here we identify areas in Kansas where wind development is incompatible with conservation, areas where wind development may proceed but with compensatory mitigation for impacts, and areas where development could proceed without the need for compensatory mitigation. We demonstrate that approximately 10.3 million ha in Kansas (48 percent of the state) has the potential to provide 478 GW of installed capacity while still meeting conservation goals. Of this total, approximately 2.7 million ha would require no compensatory mitigation and could produce up to 125 GW of installed capacity. This is 1,648 percent higher than the level of wind development needed in Kansas by 2030 if the United States is to get 20 percent of its electricity from wind. Projects that avoid and offset impacts consistent with this analysis could be awarded “Green Certification.” Certification may help to expand and sustain the wind industry by facilitating the completion of individual projects sited to avoid sensitive areas and protecting the industry's reputation as an ecologically friendly source of electricity.
机译：与风能在温室气体，空气质量和水质方面的环境效益相反，如果风能放置不当，则会直接造成死亡，栖息地丧失和破碎，从而影响野生动植物。幸运的是，可以通过适当的选址和缓解措施来减轻风能对野生生物的风险。在这里，我们确定了堪萨斯州风能发展与保护不兼容的地区，风能可能继续发展但对影响的补偿性缓解的区域以及无需补偿性缓解就可以进行发展的区域。我们证明，堪萨斯州约1030万公顷（占州的48％）有潜力提供478吉瓦的装机容量，同时仍能达到保护目标。在这一总数中，约270万公顷将不需要补偿性缓解，并且可以产生高达125吉瓦的装机容量。如果美国要从风力中获取20％的电力，到2030年，这将比堪萨斯州所需的风力发展水平高出1648％。避免并抵消与该分析一致的影响的项目可以被授予“绿色认证”。认证可通过促进完成避免出现敏感区域的单个项目并保护该行业作为生态友好型电力的声誉来帮助扩展和维持风能行业。

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