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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Distribution and Habitat Associations of Billfish and Swordfish Larvae across Mesoscale Features in the Gulf of Mexico
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Distribution and Habitat Associations of Billfish and Swordfish Larvae across Mesoscale Features in the Gulf of Mexico

机译：墨西哥湾中尺度特征上的比目鱼和箭鱼幼虫的分布和栖息地协会

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Ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) over a three-year period (2006–2008) to determine the relative value of this region as early life habitat of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Sailfish were the dominant billfish collected in summer surveys, and larvae were present at 37.5% of the stations sampled. Blue marlin and white marlin larvae were present at 25.0% and 4.6% of the stations sampled, respectively, while swordfish occurred at 17.2% of the stations. Areas of peak production were detected and maximum density estimates for sailfish (22.09 larvae 1000 m−2) were significantly higher than the three other species: blue marlin (9.62 larvae 1000 m−2), white marlin (5.44 larvae 1000 m−2), and swordfish (4.67 larvae 1000 m−2). The distribution and abundance of billfish and swordfish larvae varied spatially and temporally, and several environmental variables (sea surface temperature, salinity, sea surface height, distance to the Loop Current, current velocity, water depth, and Sargassum biomass) were deemed to be influential variables in generalized additive models (GAMs). Mesoscale features in the NGoM affected the distribution and abundance of billfish and swordfish larvae, with densities typically higher in frontal zones or areas proximal to the Loop Current. Habitat suitability of all four species was strongly linked to physicochemical attributes of the water masses they inhabited, and observed abundance was higher in slope waters with lower sea surface temperature and higher salinity. Our results highlight the value of the NGoM as early life habitat of billfishes and swordfish, and represent valuable baseline data for evaluating anthropogenic effects (i.e., Deepwater Horizon oil spill) on the Atlantic billfish and swordfish populations.
机译：在三年（2006-2008年）的墨西哥湾北部（NGoM）地表水中进行了浮游鱼类调查，以确定该地区作为旗鱼（Istiophorus platypterus），蓝枪鱼（Makaira）的早期栖息地的相对价值。 Nigricans），白枪鱼（Kajikia albida）和箭鱼（Xiphias gladius）。旗鱼是夏季调查中采集的主要比目鱼，在抽样站的37.5％处有幼虫。蓝马林鱼和白马林鱼的幼虫分别占采样站的25.0％和4.6％，箭鱼占采样站的17.2％。检测到了峰值产量区域，旗鱼的最大密度估计值（22.09幼虫1000 m -2 ）明显高于其他三个物种：蓝枪鱼（9.62幼体1000 m −2 ），白色马林鱼（5.44幼虫1000 m -2 ）和箭鱼（4.67幼虫1000 m -2 ）。 bill鱼和箭鱼幼虫的分布和丰度在空间和时间上变化，并且认为几个环境变量（海面温度，盐度，海面高度，与环流的距离，流速，水深和海藻生物量）具有影响力广义加性模型（GAM）中的变量。 NGoM的中尺度特征影响了bill鱼和箭鱼幼虫的分布和丰富度，其密度通常在环流附近的额叶区域或区域较高。这四个物种的生境适宜性与它们所居住的水团的理化特性密切相关，并且在海面温度较低和盐度较高的斜坡水中观察到的丰度较高。我们的结果突出了NGoM作为比目鱼和箭鱼早期生活栖息地的价值，并代表了宝贵的基准数据，可用于评估对大西洋比目鱼和箭鱼种群的人为影响（即Deepwater Horizo​​n溢油）。

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