首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Excreted Thiocyanate Detects Live Reef Fishes Illegally Collected Using Cyanide—A Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Testing Approach
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Excreted Thiocyanate Detects Live Reef Fishes Illegally Collected Using Cyanide—A Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Testing Approach

机译:排泄的硫氰酸盐可检测出使用氰化物非法捕捞的活珊瑚鱼,这是一种非侵入性且非破坏性的测试方法

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摘要

Cyanide fishing is a method employed to capture marine fish alive on coral reefs. They are shipped to markets for human consumption in Southeast Asia, as well as to supply the marine aquarium trade worldwide. Although several techniques can be used to detect cyanide in reef fish, there is still no testing method that can be used to survey the whole supply chain. Most methods for cyanide detection are time-consuming and require the sacrifice of the sampled fish. Thiocyanate anion (SCN) is a metabolite produced by the main metabolic pathway for cyanide anion (CN) detoxification. Our study employed an optical fiber (OF) methodology (analytical time <6 min) to detect SCN in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner. Our OF methodology is able to detect trace levels (>3.16 µg L−1) of SCN in seawater. Given that marine fish exposed to cyanide excrete SCN in the urine, elevated levels of SCN present in the seawater holding live reef fish indicate that the surveyed specimens were likely exposed to cyanide. In our study, captive-bred clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii) pulse exposed for 60 s to either 12.5 or 25 mg L−1 of CN excreted up to 6.96±0.03 and 9.84±0.03 µg L−1 of SCN, respectively, during the 28 days following exposure. No detectable levels of SCN were recorded in the water holding control organisms not exposed to CN, or in synthetic seawater lacking fish. While further research is necessary, our methodology can allow a rapid detection of SCN in the holding water and can be used as a screening tool to indicate if live reef fish were collected with cyanide.
机译:氰化物捕鱼是一种用于捕获活在珊瑚礁上的海鱼的方法。它们被运往东南亚的人类消费市场,并提供全球海洋水族馆贸易。尽管可以使用多种技术来检测礁鱼中的氰化物,但仍然没有可用于调查整个供应链的测试方法。大多数氰化物检测方法都非常耗时,并且需要牺牲采样鱼。硫氰酸根阴离子(SCN -)是由主要的代谢途径产生的代谢物,用于氰化物阴离子(CN -)解毒。我们的研究采用光纤(OF)方法(分析时间<6分钟)以无创且无损的方式检测SCN -。我们的OF方法能够检测海水中SCN -的痕量水平(> 3.16 µg L -1 )。鉴于暴露在氰化物中的海水鱼类会在尿液中排泄SCN -,因此,海水中的活珊瑚鱼中存在的SCN -含量升高,表明被调查的标本很可能暴露于氰化物。在我们的研究中,圈养的小丑鱼(Amphiprion clarkii)脉冲暴露于12.5或25 mg L −1 的CN -达60 s,排泄量高达6.96±0.03,并且暴露后28天内,SCN -分别为9.84±0.03 µg L -1 。在未暴露于CN -的持水对照生物体或缺乏鱼类的合成海水中,未记录到可检测水平的SCN -。尽管有必要进行进一步的研究,但我们的方法可以快速检测出水域中的SCN -,并且可以用作筛选工具,以指示是否用氰化物捕捞了活珊瑚鱼。

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