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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
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Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)

机译：由于Papahānaumokuākea海洋国家纪念碑（西北夏威夷群岛）发生了前所未有的海洋热浪，珊瑚大量漂白

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2014 marked the sixth and most widespread mass bleaching event reported in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, home to the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), the world’s second largest marine reserve. This event was associated with an unusual basin-scale warming in the North Pacific Ocean, with an unprecedented peak intensity of around 20°C-weeks of cumulative heat stress at Lisianksi Island. In situ bleaching surveys and satellite data were used to evaluate the relative importance of potential drivers of bleaching patterns in 2014, assess the subsequent morality and its effects on coral communities and 3D complexity, test for signs of regional acclimation, and investigate long-term change in heat stress in PMNM. Surveys conducted at four island/atoll (French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski Island, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, and Midway Atoll) showed that in 2014, percent bleaching varied considerably between islands/atolls and habitats (back reef/fore reef and depth), and was up to 91% in shallow habitats at Lisianski. The percent bleaching during the 2014 event was best explained by a combination of duration of heat stress measured by Coral Reef Watch’s satellite Degree Heating Week, relative community susceptibility (bleaching susceptibility score of each taxon * the taxon’s abundance relative to the total number of colonies), depth and region. Mean coral cover at permanent Lisianski monitoring sites decreased by 68% due to severe losses of Montipora dilatata complex, resulting in rapid reductions in habitat complexity. Spatial distribution of the 2014 bleaching was significantly different from the 2002 and 2004 bleaching events likely due to a combination of differences in heat stress and local acclimatization. Historical satellite data demonstrated heat stress in 2014 was unlike any previous event and that the exposure of corals to the bleaching-level heat stress has increased significantly in the northern PMNM since 1982, highlighting the increasing threat of climate change to reefs.
机译：2014年是在西北夏威夷群岛报告的第六次也是最普遍的一次大规模漂白事件，这是全球第二大海洋保护区Papahānaumokuākea海洋国家纪念碑（PMNM）的所在地。该事件与北太平洋异常的盆地规模变暖有关，在利安克西岛出现了前所未有的峰值强度，其累积热应力约为20°C周。使用原位漂白调查和卫星数据评估了2014年潜在的漂白模式驱动因素的相对重要性，评估了其后的道德及其对珊瑚群落和3D复杂性的影响，测试了区域适应的迹象以及调查了长期变化在PMNM中处于热应激状态。在四个岛屿/环礁（法国护卫舰浅滩，Lisianski岛，珍珠和爱马仕环礁以及中途环礁）进行的调查显示，2014年，岛屿/环礁与栖息地（后礁/前礁和深度）之间的漂白百分比差异很大；在Lisianski的浅层栖息地中高达91％。 2014年活动期间的漂白百分率最好通过结合珊瑚礁观察的卫星度加热周测量的热应激持续时间，相对群落易感性（每个分类单元的漂白敏感性分数*相对于菌落总数的分类单元的丰度）来解释。 ，深度和区域。由于Montipora dilatata复合体的严重损失，永久性Lisianski监测点的平均珊瑚覆盖率下降了68％，从而使栖息地复杂性迅速降低。 2014年漂白的空间分布与2002年和2004年的漂白事件显着不同，这可能是由于热应力和局部适应环境的差异共同造成的。卫星的历史数据表明，2014年的热应力与以往任何一次事件都不相同，并且自1982年以来，北部PMNM的珊瑚暴露于漂白水平的热应力已显着增加，突显了气候变化对珊瑚礁的威胁不断增加。

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