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Optimization of an ecological integrity monitoring program for protected areas: Case study for a network of national parks

机译：保护区生态完整性监测计划的优化：以国家公园网络为例

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Over the last few years, several of the world’s national park networks have implemented ecological integrity monitoring programs. These programs are based on a series of indicators to detect changes in ecosystem integrity. There are many scientific and logistical challenges in developing these programs due to limits in both our knowledge of ecosystems functioning and the resources for implementing such programs. Thus, the relatively quick and simple implementation of many monitoring programs has been to the detriment of their scientific validity. Few studies have focused on evaluating an entire monitoring program. This project presents an approach to evaluate the ecological and statistical relevance of ecosystem integrity indicators measured within a program with the goal of iterative optimization. The approach is based on three complementary elements: (1) spatial characterization of park ecosystems based on the classification of satellite imagery, (2) ecological validation of indicators based on ecosystem conceptual models and (3) statistical validation of indicators based on analyses of statistical power. This innovative approach allows a systematic, quantified, reproducible and generalizable review of the indicators of an ecological integrity monitoring program. It provides managers with an overview of the spatial representativeness of indicators, their ecological and statistical relevance according to different parameters such as the period monitored, the amount of change to be detected, and the degree of significance. Thus, the approach identifies monitoring gaps and offers various alternatives for improving sampling. The approach was developed and tested in the network of Quebec national parks, more specifically in the Frontenac, Jacques-Cartier and Bic national parks. The results clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current program in place and possible improvements are proposed for these parks. This approach is a relevant tool for park networks, particularly for those that have limited resources for monitoring ecological integrity.
机译：在过去的几年中，世界上一些国家公园网络已经实施了生态完整性监测计划。这些计划基于一系列指标来检测生态系统完整性的变化。由于我们对生态系统功能的了解以及实施此类计划的资源有限，因此在制定这些计划时面临许多科学和后勤方面的挑战。因此，许多监视程序的相对快速和简单的实施已经损害了它们的科学有效性。很少有研究专注于评估整个监控程序。该项目提出了一种方法，用于评估程序内以迭代优化为目标的生态系统完整性指标的生态和统计相关性。该方法基于三个互补要素：（1）基于卫星图像分类的公园生态系统空间特征，（2）基于生态系统概念模型的指标的生态验证，以及（3）基于统计分析的指标的统计验证功率。这种创新的方法可以对生态完整性监测计划的指标进行系统，定量，可重复和可概括的评估。它为管理人员概述了指标的空间代表性，根据不同参数（如所监视的时间段，要检测的变化量以及重要程度）的生态和统计相关性。因此，该方法确定了监测差距，并提供了各种替代方法来改善采样。该方法是在魁北克国家公园网络中开发和测试的，尤其是在Frontenac，Jacques-Cartier和Bic国家公园中。结果清楚地表明了现行计划的优点和缺点，并建议对这些公园进行可能的改进。该方法是用于公园网络的相关工具，尤其是对于那些资源有限的生态完整性监测系统而言。

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