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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Experimental study on electromagnetic-assisted ZnO nanofluid flooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
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Experimental study on electromagnetic-assisted ZnO nanofluid flooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

机译：电磁辅助ZnO纳米流体驱提高采收率的实验研究

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Recently, nano-EOR has emerged as a new frontier for improved and enhanced oil recovery (IOR & EOR). Despite their benefits, the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate at reservoir conditions which cause their detachment from the oil/water interface, and are consequently retained rather than transported through a porous medium. Dielectric nanoparticles including ZnO have been proposed to be a good replacement for EOR due to their high melting point and thermal properties. But more importantly, these particles can be polarized under electromagnetic (EM) irradiation, which provides an innovative smart Nano-EOR process denoted as EM-Assisted Nano-EOR. In this study, parameters involved in the oil recovery mechanism under EM waves, such as reducing mobility ratio, lowering interfacial tensions (IFT) and altering wettability were investigated. Two-phase displacement experiments were performed in sandpacks under the water-wet condition at 95°C, with permeability in the range of 265–300 mD. A crude oil from Tapis oil field was employed; while ZnO nanofluids of two different particle sizes (55.7 and 117.1 nm) were prepared using 0.1 wt. % nanoparticles that dispersed into brine (3 wt. % NaCl) along with SDBS as a dispersant. In each flooding scheme, three injection sequential scenarios have been conducted: (i) brine flooding as a secondary process, (ii) surfactant/nano/EM-assisted nano flooding, and (iii) second brine flooding to flush nanoparticles. Compare with surfactant flooding (2% original oil in place/OOIP) as tertiary recovery, nano flooding almost reaches 8.5–10.2% of OOIP. On the other hand, EM-assisted nano flooding provides an incremental oil recovery of approximately 9–10.4% of OOIP. By evaluating the contact angle and interfacial tension, it was established that the degree of IFT reduction plays a governing role in the oil displacement mechanism via nano-EOR, compare to mobility ratio. These results reveal a promising way to employ water-based ZnO nanofluid for enhanced oil recovery purposes at a relatively high reservoir temperature.
机译：最近，纳米EOR已成为改善和提高采油率（IOR＆EOR）的新领域。尽管具有纳米粒子的优点，但纳米粒子在储层条件下仍会发生团聚，这导致它们与油/水界面脱离，因此被保留而不是通过多孔介质运输。已经提出包括ZnO的介电纳米颗粒由于其高熔点和热性质而可以很好地替代EOR。但是更重要的是，这些粒子可以在电磁（EM）辐射下极化，从而提供了一种创新的智能纳米EOR工艺，称为EM辅助纳米EOR。在这项研究中，研究了在电磁波作用下参与采油机理的参数，例如降低迁移率，降低界面张力（IFT）和改变润湿性。在水温为95°C的沙包中进行了两阶段驱替试验，渗透率范围为265-300 mD。使用塔皮斯油田的原油；而使用0.1 wt。％的水制备了两种不同粒径（55.7和117.1 nm）的ZnO纳米流体。 ％的纳米颗粒与SDBS作为分散剂一起分散到盐水（3重量％的NaCl）中。在每种驱油方案中，已经进行了三种注入顺序方案：（i）盐水驱油作为辅助工艺；（ii）表面活性剂/纳米/ EM辅助纳米驱油；以及（iii）第二次盐水驱油以冲洗纳米颗粒。与三次采油相比，表面活性剂驱油（2％的原始油/ OOIP）可以三次开采，纳米驱油几乎达到OOIP的8.5–10.2％。另一方面，EM辅助的纳米驱提供的原油采收率大约是OOIP的9–10.4％。通过评估接触角和界面张力，可以确定IFT的降低程度与油流率相比，通过纳米EOR在驱油机理中起着主导作用。这些结果揭示了在相对较高的储层温度下采用水基ZnO纳米流体以提高采油率的有前途的方法。

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