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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study
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Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study

机译：大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）接种疫苗后膳食脂肪酸和基因型对免疫应答的相互作用：转录组研究

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A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced levels of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in salmon fillet composition. EPA and DHA can modulate inflammation and immune response, so it is crucial to understand how fish immune response is affected by low LC n-3 PUFA diet and if this diet can have a detrimental effect on vaccine response. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can produce EPA/DHA from α-linolenic acid (ALA) and this endogenous capacity can be explored to develop families with higher tolerance to low LC n-3 PUFA diets. Here we analyze innate and adaptive immune response in Atlantic salmon to a commercial vaccine after being fed low levels of EPA and DHA, and we also compare three strains of salmon selected by their endogenous capacity of synthesizing LC- n-3 PUFA. A total of 2,890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (p-value adjusted < 0.1) when comparing vaccinated fish against control non-vaccinated. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis with 442 up/downregulated genes revealed that most DEGs were both related to immune response as well as part of important immune related pathways, as “Toll-like receptor” and “Cytokine-Cytokine interaction”. Adaptive response was also addressed by measuring antigen specific IgM, and titers were significantly higher than in the pre-immune fish at 62 days post-immunization. However, diet and strain had no/little effect on vaccine-specific IgM or innate immune responses. Atlantic salmon therefore display robustness in its response to vaccination even when feed low levels of LC n-3 PUFA.
机译：水产养殖的关键问题是寻找可持续资源作为水产饲料的成分。水产饲料中作为脂肪酸（FA）来源的植物输送油的水平已达到70％左右，导致长链omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC n-3 PUFA），例如二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和鲑鱼片中的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。 EPA和DHA可以调节炎症和免疫反应，因此了解低LC n-3 PUFA饮食对鱼类免疫反应的影响以及这种饮食是否会对疫苗反应产生有害影响至关重要。大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）可以从α-亚麻酸（ALA）产生EPA / DHA，可以探索这种内源能力来发展对低LC n-3 PUFA日粮具有较高耐受性的家庭。在这里，我们分析了大西洋三文鱼对低剂量的EPA和DHA饲喂商业疫苗后的先天性和适应性免疫反应，我们还比较了根据其内源合成LC-n-3 PUFA的能力选择的三株三文鱼。当比较接种疫苗的鱼与未接种疫苗的对照鱼时，总共鉴定出2890个差异表达基因（DEG）（p值调整为<0.1）。基因本体论（GO）和KEGG分析了442个上调/下调的基因，发现大多数DEG都与免疫反应相关，并且是重要的免疫相关途径的一部分，例如“ Toll样受体”和“细胞因子-细胞因子相互作用”。通过测量抗原特异性IgM也可以解决适应性反应，在免疫后62天，滴度明显高于免疫前鱼。但是，饮食和劳损对疫苗特异性IgM或先天免疫反应没有/影响很小。因此，即使饲喂低含量的LC n-3 PUFA，大西洋鲑鱼在对疫苗的反应中也显示出强大的能力。

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