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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Life histories of Antarctic incirrate octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)
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Life histories of Antarctic incirrate octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

机译：南极不明八足动物的生活史（头足纲：八足纲）

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As a general trend in the life history of marine organisms, species inhabiting cold waters have reduced growth rates and increased lifespans. Studies based on egg sizes and brooding times of deep-sea and polar octopods support this hypothesis, but empirical data on growth are still scarce. To test the hypothesis that octopods inhabiting cold waters (< 3°C) live longer than temperate and warm water species, this study investigated size-at-age, maturation and growth rates in incirrate Antarctic octopods. Octopod age was estimated via the interpretation and quantification of beak growth increments, which in shallow water octopods have been validated to be formed on a daily basis. Specimens from the families Megaleledonidae (Adelieledone spp., Pareledone spp. and Megaleledone setebos) and Enteroctopodidae (Muusoctopus rigbyae) were collected on the shelf and slope regions off the Antarctic Peninsula during a cruise in 2012. Examined specimens included early juveniles to animals in advanced maturity. The total number of growth increments ranged from 192–599 in Pareledone aequipapillae (body mass [BM] 2–109 g), 182–431 in Pareledone charcoti (BM 5–124 g), 98–906 in M. setebos (BM 10–6000 g) and 207–425 in M. rigbyae (BM 24–256 g). After the cruise, eleven specimens of P. charcoti were kept alive in captivity for more than 12 months and these animals had 219–364 growth increments, suggesting that increment formation in this species takes longer than one day. The complex population structure (size, age and maturity range) of the specimens that were captured during a relatively short time, the number of beak increments quantified, and the preliminary validation observations indicate that Antarctic octopods do not deposit increments daily, and may have lifespans exceeding 3 years. These findings corroborate the general trend that cold water molluscs have a longer lifespan than their warm water relatives.
机译：作为海洋生物生命史上的一个普遍趋势，居住在冷水中的物种降低了生长速度并延长了寿命。基于卵的大小以及深海和极地章鱼的孵化时间的研究支持了这一假设，但是关于生长的经验数据仍然很少。为了检验居住在冷水（<3°C）中的章鱼的寿命要比温带和温水物种的寿命长，这项研究调查了不育的南极章鱼的年龄，成熟度和生长率。通过解释和定量喙的增长增量来估算八足动物的年龄，该天数在浅水八爪鱼中被证实是每天形成的。在2012年的一次航行中，在南极半岛的架子和斜坡区域收集了Megaleledonidae科（Adelieledone spp。，Pareledone spp。和Megaleledone setebos）和Enteroctopodidae（Muusoctopus rigbyae）的标本。经过检查的标本包括动物早期的幼体到期。生长增量的总数范围从Pareledone aequipapillae（体重[BM] 2–109 g）的192–599，Pareledone charcoti（BM 5–124 g）的182–431，Setetos（M. setebos）（BM 10）的98–906 –6000克）和rigbyae中的207–425（BM 24–256克）。航行后，十一只炭疽病标本在圈养中存活超过12个月，这些动物的生长增量为219-364，这表明该物种的增量形成需要一天以上的时间。在相对较短的时间内捕获的标本的复杂种群结构（大小，年龄和成熟度范围），对喙的数量进行了量化，初步的验证性观察结果表明，南极章鱼并不每天沉积增量，并且可能具有寿命超过3年。这些发现证实了冷水软体动物的寿命比温水软体动物的寿命更长的总体趋势。

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