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The psychology of experimental psychologists: Overcoming cognitive constraints to improve research: The 47th Sir Frederic Bartlett Lecture

机译:实验心理学家的心理学:克服认知障碍以改善研究:第47届弗雷德里克·巴特利特爵士演讲

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摘要

Like many other areas of science, experimental psychology is affected by a “replication crisis” that is causing concern in many fields of research. Approaches to tackling this crisis include better training in statistical methods, greater transparency and openness, and changes to the incentives created by funding agencies, journals, and institutions. Here, I argue that if proposed solutions are to be effective, we also need to take into account human cognitive constraints that can distort all stages of the research process, including design and execution of experiments, analysis of data, and writing up findings for publication. I focus specifically on cognitive schemata in perception and memory, confirmation bias, systematic misunderstanding of statistics, and asymmetry in moral judgements of errors of commission and omission. Finally, I consider methods that may help mitigate the effect of cognitive constraints: better training, including use of simulations to overcome statistical misunderstanding; specific programmes directed at inoculating against cognitive biases; adoption of Registered Reports to encourage more critical reflection in planning studies; and using methods such as triangulation and “pre mortem” evaluation of study design to foster a culture of dialogue and criticism.
机译:像许多其他科学领域一样,实验心理学也受到“复制危机”的影响,这引起了许多研究领域的关注。解决这一危机的方法包括对统计方法进行更好的培训,提高透明度和开放性,并改变供资机构,期刊和机构创建的激励措施。在这里,我认为,如果提出的解决方案要有效,我们还需要考虑人类的认知约束,这些约束可能会扭曲研究过程的所有阶段,包括实验的设计和执行,数据分析以及撰写要发表的发现。我主要关注认知和记忆中的认知图式,确认偏见,系统的统计误解以及关于佣金和遗漏错误的道德判断上的不对称性。最后,我考虑了可能有助于减轻认知限制的方法:更好的培训,包括使用模拟方法克服统计上的误解;针对预防认知偏差的具体计划;通过注册报告,以鼓励在规划研究中进行更严格的反思;并使用三角剖分和“死前”评估研究设计等方法来培养对话和批评文化。

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