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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Blood pressure regulation V: in vivo mechanical properties of precapillary vessels as affected by long-term pressure loading and unloading
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Blood pressure regulation V: in vivo mechanical properties of precapillary vessels as affected by long-term pressure loading and unloading

机译：血压调节V：毛细血管前血管的体内力学性能受长期压力加载和卸载的影响

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Recent studies are reviewed, concerning the in vivo wall stiffness of arteries and arterioles in healthy humans, and how these properties adapt to iterative increments or sustained reductions in local intravascular pressure. A novel technique was used, by which arterial and arteriolar stiffness was determined as changes in arterial diameter and flow, respectively, during graded increments in distending pressure in the blood vessels of an arm or a leg. Pressure-induced increases in diameter and flow were smaller in the lower leg than in the arm, indicating greater stiffness in the arteries/arterioles of the leg. A 5-week period of intermittent intravascular pressure elevations in one arm reduced pressure distension and pressure-induced flow in the brachial artery by about 50 %. Conversely, prolonged reduction of arterial/arteriolar pressure in the lower body by 5 weeks of sustained horizontal bedrest, induced threefold increases of the pressure-distension and pressure-flow responses in a tibial artery. Thus, the wall stiffness of arteries and arterioles are plastic properties that readily adapt to changes in the prevailing local intravascular pressure. The discussion concerns mechanisms underlying changes in local arterial/arteriolar stiffness as well as whether stiffness is altered by changes in myogenic tone and/or wall structure. As regards implications, regulation of local arterial/arteriolar stiffness may facilitate control of arterial pressure in erect posture and conditions of exaggerated intravascular pressure gradients. That increased intravascular pressure leads to increased arteriolar wall stiffness also supports the notion that local pressure loading may constitute a prime mover in the development of vascular changes in hypertension.
机译：综述了有关健康人体内动脉和小动脉的体内壁刚度，以及这些特性如何适应局部血管内压力的迭代增加或持续降低的最新研究。使用了一种新颖的技术，通过该技术，在手臂或腿部血管的扩张压力逐渐增加时，分别将动脉直径和流量确定为动脉直径和流量的变化。小腿中压力引起的直径和流量增加比手臂小，表明腿的动脉/小动脉僵硬。一只手臂连续5周的间歇性血管内压力升高可将肱动脉的压力扩张和压力引起的流量减少约50％。相反，通过持续卧床卧床5周，下半身的动脉/小动脉压力的持续降低会导致胫骨动脉的压力膨胀和压力流动响应增加三倍。因此，动脉和小动脉的壁刚度是可容易地适应主要局部血管内压力变化的塑性特性。讨论涉及局部动脉/小动脉刚度变化的基础机制，以及是否因生肌张力和/或壁结构的改变而改变刚度。关于暗示，调节局部动脉/小动脉刚度可以促进在直立姿势和夸张的血管内压力梯度的条件下控制动脉压。血管内压力增加导致小动脉壁僵硬度增加也支持以下观点：局部压力负荷可能构成高血压血管变化发展的原动力。

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