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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Variation of Reproductive Traits and Female Body Size in the Most Widely-Ranging Terrestrial Reptile: Testing the Effects of Reproductive Mode Lineage and Climate
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Variation of Reproductive Traits and Female Body Size in the Most Widely-Ranging Terrestrial Reptile: Testing the Effects of Reproductive Mode Lineage and Climate

机译：最广泛的陆生爬行动物生殖特征和女性体型的变化：测试生殖方式血统和气候的影响

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The European common lizard, Zootoca vivipara, is the most widespread terrestrial reptile in the world. It occupies almost the entire Northern Eurasia and includes four viviparous and two oviparous lineages. We analysed how female snout-vent length (SVL), clutch size (CS), hatchling mass (HM), and relative clutch mass (RCM) is associated with the reproductive mode and climate throughout the species range and across the evolutionary lineages within Z. vivipara. The studied variables were scored for 1,280 females and over 3,000 hatchlings from 44 geographically distinct study samples. Across the species range, SVL of reproductive females tends to decrease in less continental climates, whereas CS corrected for female SVL and RCM tend to decrease in climates with cool summer. Both relationships are likely to indicate direct phenotypic responses to climate. For viviparous lineages, the pattern of co-variation between female SVL, CS and HM among populations is similar to that between individual females within populations. Consistent with the hypothesis that female reproductive output is constrained by her body volume, the oviparous clade with shortest retention of eggs in utero showed highest HM, the oviparous clade with longer egg retention showed lower HM, and clades with the longest egg retention (viviparous forms) had lowest HM. Viviparous populations exhibited distinctly lower HM than the other European lacertids of similar female SVL, many of them also displaying unusually high RCM. This pattern is consistent with Winkler and Wallin’s model predicting a negative evolutionary link between the total reproductive investment and allocation to individual offspring.
机译：欧洲常见的蜥蜴Zootoca vivipara是世界上最广泛的陆生爬行动物。它几乎占据了整个北欧亚大陆，包括四个胎生和两个卵生世系。我们分析了雌性鼻出口长度（SVL），离体大小（CS），孵化质量（HM）和相对离体质量（RCM）如何与整个物种范围以及Z内进化世系的生殖方式和气候相关vivipara。从44个地理上不同的研究样本中为1,280名女性和3,000多只幼体进行了研究变量评分。在整个物种范围内，在较少的大陆性气候中，生殖雌性的SVL趋于下降，而校正为雌性SVL和RCM的CS在夏季凉爽的气候中趋于下降。两种关系都可能表明对气候的直接表型反应。对于胎生谱系，种群中女性SVL，CS和HM之间的协变模式与种群中各个雌性之间的相似。与雌性生殖产量受其体量限制的假设一致，卵在子宫内保留时间最短的卵形卵显示HM最高，卵保留时间更长的卵形卵显示HM较低，卵保留时间最长的卵（卵形） ）的HM最低。胎生种群的HM明显低于其他类似雌性SVL的欧洲胎生动物，其中许多还显示出异常高的RCM。这种模式与Winkler和Wallin的模型一致，该模型预测总的生殖投资与对后代的分配之间存在负的进化联系。

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