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Applying habitat and population‐density models to land‐cover time series to inform IUCN Red List assessments

机译:将栖息地和人口密度模型应用于土地覆盖时间序列以告知自然保护联盟红色名录评估

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摘要

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List categories and criteria are the most widely used framework for assessing the relative extinction risk of species. The criteria are based on quantitative thresholds relating to the size, trends, and structure of species’ distributions and populations. However, data on these parameters are sparse and uncertain for many species and unavailable for others, potentially leading to their misclassification or classification as data deficient. We devised an approach that combines data on land‐cover change, species‐specific habitat preferences, population abundance, and dispersal distance to estimate key parameters (extent of occurrence, maximum area of occupancy, population size and trend, and degree of fragmentation) and hence predict IUCN Red List categories for species. We applied our approach to nonpelagic birds and terrestrial mammals globally (∼15,000 species). The predicted categories were fairly consistent with published IUCN Red List assessments, but more optimistic overall. We predicted 4.2% of species (467 birds and 143 mammals) to be more threatened than currently assessed and 20.2% of data deficient species (10 birds and 114 mammals) to be at risk of extinction. Incorporating the habitat fragmentation subcriterion reduced these predictions 1.5–2.3% and 6.4–14.9% (depending on the quantitative definition of fragmentation) for threatened and data deficient species, respectively, highlighting the need for improved guidance for IUCN Red List assessors on the application of this aspect of the IUCN Red List criteria. Our approach complements traditional methods of estimating parameters for IUCN Red List assessments. Furthermore, it readily provides an early‐warning system to identify species potentially warranting changes in their extinction‐risk category based on periodic updates of land‐cover information. Given our method relies on optimistic assumptions about species distribution and abundance, all species predicted to be more at risk than currently evaluated should be prioritized for reassessment.
机译:IUCN(国际自然保护联盟)红色名录类别和标准是评估物种相对灭绝风险的最广泛使用的框架。该标准基于与物种分布和种群的大小,趋势以及结构有关的定量阈值。但是,关于这些参数的数据对于许多物种而言都是稀疏且不确定的,而对于其他物种则不可用,这可能导致将其错误分类或分类为数据不足。我们设计了一种方法,该方法结合了土地覆盖变化,特定物种的栖息地偏好,种群数量和分散距离的数据,以估算关键参数(发生范围,最大居住面积,种群规模和趋势以及破碎程度)和因此可以预测IUCN物种红色名录类别。我们将我们的方法应用于全球非远洋鸟类和陆生哺乳动物(约15,000种)。预测的类别与已发布的自然保护联盟红色名录评估相当一致,但总体上较为乐观。我们预测有4.2%的物种(467头鸟类和143种哺乳动物)受威胁的程度比目前评估的要高,而有20.2%的数据不足物种(10头鸟类和114种哺乳动物)有灭绝的危险。纳入生境破碎化亚标准会使受威胁物种和数据不足物种的预测值分别降低1.5–2.3%和6.4–14.9%(取决于破碎度的定量定义),强调需要针对IUCN红色名录评估者的应用指南进行改进IUCN红色名录标准的这一方面。我们的方法补充了IUCN红色清单评估中估计参数的传统方法。此外,它还提供了一个预警系统,可基于定期更新的土地覆盖信息来识别可能需要改变其灭绝风险类别的物种。鉴于我们的方法依赖于有关物种分布和丰度的乐观假设,因此应优先考虑所有预计比当前评估的风险更大的物种,以便进行重新评估。

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