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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >Stream water age distributions controlled by storage dynamics and nonlinear hydrologic connectivity: Modeling with high‐resolution isotope data
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Stream water age distributions controlled by storage dynamics and nonlinear hydrologic connectivity: Modeling with high‐resolution isotope data

机译：由存储动力学和非线性水文连通性控制的河流水年龄分布：利用高分辨率同位素数据建模

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To assess the influence of storage dynamics and nonlinearities in hydrological connectivity on time‐variant stream water ages, we used a new long‐term record of daily isotope measurements in precipitation and streamflow to calibrate and test a parsimonious tracer‐aided runoff model. This can track tracers and the ages of water fluxes through and between conceptual stores in steeper hillslopes, dynamically saturated riparian peatlands, and deeper groundwater; these represent the main landscape units involved in runoff generation. Storage volumes are largest in groundwater and on the hillslopes, though most dynamic mixing occurs in the smaller stores in riparian peat. Both streamflow and isotope variations are generally well captured by the model, and the simulated storage and tracer dynamics in the main landscape units are consistent with independent measurements. The model predicts that the average age of stream water is ∼1.8 years. On a daily basis, this varies between ∼1 month in storm events, when younger waters draining the hillslope and riparian peatland dominates, to around 4 years in dry periods when groundwater sustains flow. This variability reflects the integration of differently aged water fluxes from the main landscape units and their mixing in riparian wetlands. The connectivity between these spatial units varies in a nonlinear way with storage that depends upon precipitation characteristics and antecedent conditions. This, in turn, determines the spatial distribution of flow paths and the integration of their contrasting nonstationary ages. This approach is well suited for constraining process‐based modeling in a range of northern temperate and boreal environments.
机译：为了评估水文连通性中的存储动力学和非线性对时变溪流水年龄的影响，我们使用了降水和溪流中每日同位素测量的新长期记录，以校准和测试简约的示踪剂辅助径流模型。这可以跟踪在陡峭的山坡，动态饱和的河岸泥炭地和更深的地下水中的概念库之间以及之间的示踪剂和水通量的年龄。这些代表了径流产生中涉及的主要景观单元。尽管大多数动态混合发生在河岸泥炭中较小的存储库中，但在地下水和山坡上的存储库最大。该模型通常可以很好地捕获水流和同位素的变化，并且主要景观单元中模拟的存储和示踪剂动力学与独立的测量结果是一致的。该模型预测溪流水的平均年龄约为1.8年。每天，在暴风雨事件中大约1个月之间会发生变化，这主要是较年轻的水流失了山坡和河岸泥炭地，而在干旱时期大约4年（地下水持续流动）。这种变化反映了主要景观单元不同年龄的水通量的整合及其在河岸湿地中的混合。这些空间单元之间的连通性以非线性方式变化，其存储方式取决于降水特征和先决条件。反过来，这决定了流动路径的空间分布以及它们相对的非平稳年龄的整合。这种方法非常适合在北方温带和北方环境中限制基于过程的建模。

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