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首页> 外文期刊>The Academy of Management Perspectives >ON THE ETHNIC ORIGINS OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT: CHIEFS AND PRECOLONIAL POLITICAL CENTRALIZATION
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ON THE ETHNIC ORIGINS OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT: CHIEFS AND PRECOLONIAL POLITICAL CENTRALIZATION

机译：非洲发展的民族起源：基夫斯与殖民前政治集权

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摘要

We report on recent findings of a fruitful research agenda that explores the importance of ethnic-specific traits in shaping African development. First, using recent surveys from sub-Saharan African countries, we document that individuals identify with their ethnic group as often as with the nation, pointing to the salience of ethnicity. Second, we focus on the various historical and contemporary functions of tribal leaders (chiefs) and illustrate their influence on various aspects of the economy and the polity. Third, we elaborate on a prominent dimension of ethnicity, that of the degree of complexity of precolonial political organization. Building on insights from the African historiography, we review recent works showing a strong association between precolonial centralization and contemporary comparative development both across and within countries. We also document that the link between precolonial political centralization and regional development, as captured by satellite images of light density at night, is particularly strong in areas outside the vicinity of the capitals, where due to population mixing and the salience of national institutions ethnic traits play a lesser role. Overall, our evidence is supportive to theories and narratives on the presence of a "dual" economic and institutional environment in Africa.
机译：我们报告了一项富有成果的研究议程的最新发现，该议程探讨了特定种族特征在塑造非洲发展中的重要性。首先，使用来自撒哈拉以南非洲国家的最新调查，我们记录了个人与本民族一样多地认同自己的族群，并指出了民族的重要性。其次，我们着眼于部落首领（酋长）的各种历史和当代功能，并说明他们对经济和政体各个方面的影响。第三，我们阐述了种族的一个突出方面，即前殖民政治组织的复杂程度。基于非洲史学的见解，我们回顾了最近的作品，这些作品显示了殖民前的集权化与国家之间以及国家内部的当代比较发展之间的紧密联系。我们还记录到，夜间殖民地政治集权与区域发展之间的联系，如夜间通过光密度的卫星图像所捕捉到的，在首都附近以外的地区，由于人口混合和国家机构种族特征的显着性而特别强烈。扮演较小的角色。总体而言，我们的证据支持有关非洲存在“双重”经济和体制环境的理论和叙述。

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