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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Review of average sized male and female occupant models in European regulatory safety assessment tests and European laws: Gaps and bridging suggestions
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Review of average sized male and female occupant models in European regulatory safety assessment tests and European laws: Gaps and bridging suggestions

机译：在欧洲法规安全性评估测试和欧洲法律中对平均大小的男女乘员模型进行审查：差距和衔接建议

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There are two parts to the aim of this study. The first part comprised reviewing how men and women are represented in regulatory tests conducted to assess adult occupant safety in vehicles in Europe. This part also contains an overview of some differences between females and males that may influence dynamic responses in a crash. Based on the results of the review an outline for how to better represent the adult population in regulatory tests has been suggested.The second part was to reflect on these issues from a specific critical legal perspective, that is from a Gender Legal Studies point of view, focusing on the European legal framework that governs the tests of adult occupant safety in vehicles in Europe. Since the beginning of the 1970s legal scholars have shown in several areas of law that there is a gap between superior legislation and practice, but also between gender equality as a superior legal principle and subordinate legal rules that govern safety requirements. The same pattern can be discerned in the area of Transportation Law.The results of the review of the ECE regulations shows that the average sized male represents the adult population and that the average sized female has been excluded from regulations assessing the protection of adult vehicle occupants. The fundamental values, on which the Union is founded, including the overarching goals of the Union, seem to be rendered invisible in the laws and critically impact the safety of women in everyday life. According to the gender system theory, the interests and priorities of men are continuing to shape the law. Consequently, the law neglecting the safety of women on roads has implications on the development of society. The lack of legal provisions that demand female crash test dummies representing the female part of the population, means that there is no incentive for car manufacturers, authorities or other stakeholders to develop test methods and female crash test dummies in ways that promote political objectives expressed in legal form, i.e., the legal values expressed in general provisions and principles stated in the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, such as gender equality between women and men as well as non-discriminationThis study highlights the undeniable gap between the legal framework and legal requirements with regard to occupant safety for the whole adult population. It would be attainable to bridge this particular gender gap by providing equal representation for the female part of the population with regard to vehicle safety, as that males benefit from.
机译：本研究的目标分为两个部分。第一部分包括审查在欧洲评估成人乘员安全性的监管测试中男女的代表情况。本部分还概述了男性和女性之间的一些差异，这些差异可能会影响碰撞中的动态响应。根据审查的结果，提出了如何在监管测试中更好地代表成年人口的提纲。第二部分是从特定的批判性法律角度，即从性别法律研究的角度，对这些问题进行反思。 ，重点关注用于管理欧洲车辆成人乘员安全性测试的欧洲法律框架。自1970年代初以来，法律学者在法律的几个领域表明，高级立法与实践之间存在差距，但作为高级法律原则的性别平等与管理安全要求的从属法律规则之间也存在差距。在《交通法》领域中也可以看到相同的模式。欧洲经委会法规的审查结果表明，平均尺寸的男性代表成年人口，而平均尺寸的女性已被排除在评估成人车辆乘员保护的法规中。联盟所依据的基本价值，包括联盟的总体目标，在法律中似乎已变得无形，并严重影响了妇女在日常生活中的安全。根据性别制度理论，男人的利益和优先事项正在继续塑造法律。因此，忽视妇女在道路上安全的法律对社会发展产生了影响。缺乏要求女性碰撞测试假人代表人口中女性部分的法律规定，这意味着汽车制造商，当局或其他利益相关者没有动力以促进政治目标的方式开发测试方法和女性碰撞测试假人。法律形式，即《欧洲联盟条约》和《欧洲联盟运作条约》中规定的一般条款和原则中表达的法律价值，例如男女之间的性别平等以及不歧视，这项研究着重指出了不可否认的在整个成年人口的乘员安全方面，法律框架与法律要求之间存在差距。通过在男性中受益的车辆安全方面为女性中的女性提供平等的代表，可以弥合这一特殊的性别差距。

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