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Psychological Constructs Related to Seat Belt Use: A Nationally Representative Survey Study

机译：与安全带使用相关的心理构建：国家代表性调查研究

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Seat belt use can significantly reduce fatalities in motor vehicle crashes (Kahane, 2000). Nevertheless, the current U.S. seat belt use rate of 89.6% (Enriquez & Pickrell, 2019) indicates that a relatively small but pervasive portion of the population does not wear seat belts on a full-time basis. Whereas much is known about the demographic predictors of seat belt use, far less is understood about psychological factors that predict individual proclivities toward using or not using a seat belt. In this study, we examined some of these potential psychological predictors. A probability-based web survey was conducted with 6,038 U.S. residents aged 16 or older who reported having driven or ridden in a car in the past year. We measured self-reported seat belt use and 18 psychological constructs and found that delay of gratification, life satisfaction, risk aversion, risk perception, and resistance to peer influence were positively associated with belt use. Impulsivity and social resistance orientation were negatively associated with belt use. Prior research has shown that psychological factors like delay of gratification, risk aversion/perception, and impulsivity predict other health behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking, sunscreen use); our results extend this literature to seat belts and can aid the development of traffic safety programs targeted at non-users who-due to such factors-may be resistant to more traditional countermeasures such as legislation and enforcement.
机译：安全带使用可以显着降低机动车崩溃的死亡率（Kahane，2000）。尽管如此，目前的美国安全带使用率为89.6％（Entriquez＆Pickrell，2019）表明，群体的相对较小但普遍存在的部分在全职的基础上不会戴安全带。然而，关于安全带使用的人口统计预测因子，据了解了关于使用安全带或不使用安全带的单个倾向性的心理因素，因此理解得多。在这项研究中，我们检查了这些潜在的心理预测因子。基于概率的Web调查是在过去的一年里举行的6,038名美国居民，据报道，在一辆汽车中驾驶或骑行。我们测量了自我报告的安全带使用和18个心理构建，发现延迟满满的延迟，生活满意度，风险厌恶，风险感知和对同伴的抵抗力与皮带使用呈正相关。冲动和社会抵抗方向与带式使用负相关。现有研究表明，延迟满足，风险厌恶/感知和冲动等心理因素预测其他健康行为（例如，吸烟，防晒使用）;我们的成果将该文献扩展到安全带，可以帮助发展在非用户的交通安全计划的发展 - 由于此类因素 - 可能抵抗更多传统对策，例如立法和执法。

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