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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >The efficacy of objective and subjective predictors of driving performance during sleep restriction and circadian misalignment
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The efficacy of objective and subjective predictors of driving performance during sleep restriction and circadian misalignment

机译：睡眠限制和昼夜节律失调期间驾驶表现的客观和主观预测指标的功效

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Fatigue is a significant contributor to motor-vehicle accidents and fatalities. Shift workers are particularly susceptible to fatigue-related risks as they are often sleep-restricted and required to commute around the clock. Simple assays of performance could provide useful indications of risk in fatigue management, but their effectiveness may be influenced by changes in their sensitivity to sleep loss across the day. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of several neurobehavioral and subjective tasks to sleep restriction (SR) at different circadian phases and their efficacy as predictors of performance during a simulated driving task. Thirty-two volunteers (M +/- SD; 22.8 +/- 2.9 years) were time-isolated for 13-days and participated in one of two 14-h forced desynchrony protocols with sleep opportunities equivalent to 8 h/24 h (control) or 4 h/24 h (SR). At regular intervals during wake periods, participants completed a simulated driving task, several neurobehavioral tasks, including the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and subjective ratings, including a self-assessment measure of ability to perform. Scores transformed into standardized units relative to baseline were folded into circadian phase bins based on core body temperature. Sleep dose and circadian phase effect sizes were derived via mixed models analyses. Predictors of driving were identified with regressions. Performance was most sensitive to sleep restriction around the circadian nadir. The effects of sleep restriction around the circadian nadir were larger for simulated driving and neurobehavioral tasks than for subjective ratings. Tasks did not significantly predict driving performance during the control condition or around the acrophase during the SR condition. The PVT and self-assessed ability were the best predictors of simulated driving across circadian phases during SR. These results show that simple performance measures and self-monitoring explain a large proportion of the variance in driving when fatigue-risk is high. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：疲劳是导致机动车事故和死亡的重要因素。轮班工人特别容易受到疲劳相关风险的困扰，因为他们经常睡眠受限，并且需要全天候上下班。简单的性能测试可以为疲劳管理中的风险提供有用的指示，但是它们的有效性可能会受到全天对失眠的敏感性变化的影响。这项研究的目的是评估在不同的昼夜节律阶段，几种神经行为和主观任务对睡眠限制（SR）的敏感性及其在模拟驾驶任务中作为性能预测指标的功效。 32名志愿者（M +/- SD； 22.8 +/- 2.9岁）被隔离了13天，并参加了两个14小时强迫失步方案之一，睡眠时间等于8 h / 24 h（对照） ）或4小时/ 24小时（SR）。参与者在醒来的时间间隔内定期完成模拟驾驶任务，多项神经行为任务（包括心理运动警惕任务（PVT））和主观评分，包括对执行能力的自我评估。根据核心体温，将转换为相对于基准的标准化单位的分数折叠到昼夜相区。睡眠剂量和昼夜节律效应大小是通过混合模型分析得出的。通过回归确定驾驶的预测因素。表演对昼夜节律周围的睡眠限制最为敏感。对于模拟驾驶和神经行为任务，昼夜节律周围睡眠受限的影响大于对主观评分的影响。任务没有显着预测控制条件下或SR条件下的顶相附近的驾驶性能。 PVT和自我评估能力是SR期间跨昼夜节律模拟驾驶的最佳预测指标。这些结果表明，当疲劳风险较高时，简单的性能指标和自我监控可以解释很大一部分驾驶变化。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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