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Older drivers and rapid deceleration events: Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study

机译：老年驾驶员和快速减速事件：索尔兹伯里眼图评估驾驶研究

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摘要

Drivers who rapidly change speed while driving may be more at risk for a crash. We sought to determine the relationship of demographic, vision, and cognitive variables with episodes of rapid decelerations during five days of normal driving in a cohort of older drivers. In the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study, 1425 older drivers aged 67-87 were recruited from the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration's rolls for licensees in Salisbury, Maryland. Participants had several measures of vision tested: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and the attentional visual field. Participants were also tested for various domains of cognitive function including executive function, attention, psychomotor speed, and visual search. A custom created driving monitoring system (DMS) was used to capture rapid deceleration events (RDEs), defined as at least 350 milli-g deceleration, during a five day period of monitoring. The rate of RDE per mile driven was modeled using a negative binomial regression model with an offset of the logarithm of the number of miles driven. We found that 30% of older drivers had one or more RDE during a five day period, and of those, about 1/3 had four or more. The rate of RDE per mile driven was highest for those drivers driving <59 miles during the 5-day period of monitoring. However, older drivers with RDE's were more likely to have better scores in cognitive tests of psychomotor speed and visual search, and have faster brake reaction time. Further, greater average speed and maximum speed per driving segment was protective against RDE events. In conclusion, contrary to our hypothesis, older drivers who perform rapid decelerations tend to be more "fit", with better measures of vision and cognition compared to those who do not have events of rapid deceleration.
机译：在驾驶过程中快速改变速度的驾驶员可能更容易发生撞车事故。我们试图确定一群年龄较大的驾驶员在正常驾驶五天中，人口统计学，视觉和认知变量与快速减速发作之间的关系。在《索尔兹伯里眼睛评估驾驶研究》中，从马里兰州机动车管理局的名册中招募了1425名年龄在67-87岁之间的年龄较大的驾驶员，供马里兰州索尔兹伯里的持牌人使用。参与者已测试了多种视觉测量方法：视敏度，对比敏感度，视野和注意视野。还对参与者的认知功能的各个领域进行了测试，包括执行功能，注意力，精神运动速度和视觉搜索。使用定制的驾驶监控系统（DMS）来捕获为期五天的监控中的快速减速事件（RDE），该事件定义为至少350毫克的减速。使用负二项式回归模型对行驶的每英里RDE率进行建模，其偏移量为行驶的英里数的对数。我们发现30％的老年驾驶员在五天内有一个或多个RDE，其中约1/3的驾驶员有四个或四个以上。在为期5天的监控期内，对于行驶<59英里的驾驶员，每英里行驶的RDE率最高。但是，具有RDE的老年驾驶员更有可能在心理运动速度和视觉搜索的认知测试中获得更高的分数，并具有更快的制动反应时间。此外，更高的平均速度和每个驾驶段的最大速度可防止RDE事件。总之，与我们的假设相反，执行快速减速的年长驾驶员与没有发生快速减速事件的驾驶员相比，具有更强的“适应性”，具有更好的视觉和认知度量。

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  • 来源
    《Accident Analysis & Prevention》 |2013年第9期|279-285|共7页
  • 作者

    Lisa Keay; Beatriz Munoz; Donald D. Duncan; Daniel Hahn; Kevin Baldwin; Kathleen A. Turano; Cynthia A. Munro; Karen Bandeen-Roche; Sheila K. West;

  • 作者单位

    The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Level 7,341 George Street. Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;

    Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

    Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States;

    Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Vision; Cognition; Driving; Older people; Epidemiology; Naturalistic driving;

    机译：视力;认识;驾驶老年人;流行病学;自然驾驶;

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