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Engrossed in conversation: The impact of cell phones on simulated driving performance

机译：倾心交谈：手机对模拟驾驶性能的影响

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摘要

The current study examined the effects of cognitively distracting tasks on various measures of driving performance. Thirty-six college students with a median of 6 years of driving experience completed a driving history questionnaire and four simulated driving scenarios. The distraction tasks consisted of responding to a signal detection task and engaging in a simulated cell phone conversation. Driving performance was measured in terms of four categories of behavior: traffic violations (e.g., speeding, running stop signs), driving maintenance (e.g., standard deviation of lane position), attention lapses (e.g., stops at green lights, failure to visually scan for intersection traffic), and response time (e.g., time to step on brake in response to a pop-up event). Performance was significantly impacted in all four categories when drivers were concurrently talking on a hands-free phone. Performance on the signal detection task was poor and not significantly impacted by the phone task, suggesting that considerably less attention was paid to detecting these peripheral signals. However, the signal detection task did interact with the phone task on measures of average speed, speed variability, attention lapses, and reaction time. The findings lend further empirical support of the dangers of drivers being distracted by cell phone conversations.
机译：当前的研究检查了注意力分散的任务对驾驶表现的各种测量的影响。中位驾驶经验为6年的36名大学生完成了驾驶历史问卷和四种模拟驾驶场景。分散注意力的任务包括响应信号检测任务并进行模拟的手机通话。根据四类行为来衡量驾驶性能：交通违规（例如，超速，停车标志），驾驶维护（例如，车道位置的标准偏差），注意失误（例如，在绿灯处停车，无法进行视觉扫描）用于交叉路口交通）和响应时间（例如，响应弹出事件踩刹车的时间）。当驾驶员同时在免提电话上交谈时，所有四个类别的性能均受到显着影响。信号检测任务的性能很差，并且不会受到电话任务的明显影响，这表明检测这些外围信号的注意程度大大降低。但是，信号检测任务确实在平均速度，速度可变性，注意力下降和反应时间等指标上与电话任务交互。这些发现为驾驶员因手机通话而分散注意力的危险提供了进一步的经验支持。

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