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首页> 外文期刊>ACM transactions on reconfigurable technology and systems >ProtoFlex: Towards Scalable, Full-System Multiprocessor Simulations Using FPGAs
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ProtoFlex: Towards Scalable, Full-System Multiprocessor Simulations Using FPGAs

机译：ProtoFlex：使用FPGA实现可扩展的全系统多处理器仿真

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摘要

Functional full-system simulators are powerful and versatile research tools for accelerating architectural exploration and advanced software development. Their main shortcoming is limited throughput when simulating large multiprocessor systems with hundreds or thousands of processors or when instrumentation is introduced. We propose the ProtoFlex simulation architecture, which uses FPGAs to accelerate full-system multiprocessor simulation and to facilitate high-performance instrumentation. Prior FPGA approaches that prototype a complete system in hardware are either too complex when scaling to large-scale configurations or require significant effort to provide full-system support. In contrast, PROTOFLEX virtualizes the execution of many logical processors onto a consolidated number of multiple-context execution engines on the FPGA. Through virtualization, the number of engines can be judiciously scaled, as needed, to deliver on necessary simulation performance at a large savings in complexity. Further, to achieve low-complexity full-system support, a hybrid simulation technique called transplanting allows implementing in the FPGA only the frequently encountered behaviors, while a software simulator preserves the abstraction of a complete system.rnWe have created a first instance of the ProtoFlex simulation architecture, which is an FPGA-based, full-system functional simulator for a 16-way UltraSPARC HI symmetric multiprocessor server, hosted on a single Xilinx Virtex-II XCV2P70 FPGA. On average, the simulator achieves a 38x speedup (and as high as 49 ×) over comparable software simulation across a suite of applications, including OLTP on a commercial database server. We also demonstrate the advantages of minimal-overhead FPGA-accelerated instrumentation through a CMP cache simulation technique that runs orders-of-magnitude faster than software.
机译：功能齐全的全系统模拟器是功能强大且用途广泛的研究工具，可用于加速架构探索和高级软件开发。当模拟具有数百或数千个处理器的大型多处理器系统或引入仪器时，它们的主要缺点是吞吐量有限。我们提出了ProtoFlex仿真架构，该架构使用FPGA来加速全系统多处理器仿真并促进高性能仪器的开发。现有的在硬件中构建完整系统原型的FPGA方法要么在扩展到大规模配置时过于复杂，要么需要大量精力来提供全系统支持。相比之下，PROTOFLEX将许多逻辑处理器的执行虚拟化到FPGA上整合的多个上下文执行引擎上。通过虚拟化，可以根据需要明智地扩展引擎的数量，以提供必要的仿真性能，从而大大节省复杂性。此外，为了获得低复杂度的全系统支持，一种称为移植的混合仿真技术允许在FPGA中仅实现经常遇到的行为，而软件仿真器则保留了完整系统的抽象。rn我们创建了ProtoFlex的第一个实例仿真架构是基于FPGA的，用于16路UltraSPARC HI对称多处理器服务器的全系统功能仿真器，位于单个Xilinx Virtex-II XCV2P70 FPGA上。在包括商业数据库服务器上的OLTP在内的一系列应用程序中，仿真器平均可比同类软件仿真实现38倍的加速（最高49倍）。我们还通过CMP缓存仿真技术演示了开销最小的FPGA加速仪器的优势，该技术运行速度比软件快几个数量级。

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