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A Cooperative MIMO Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

机译：无线传感器网络的协作MIMO框架

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We explore the use of cooperative multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN). Single-antenna sensor nodes are clustered into virtual antenna arrays that can act as virtual MIMO (VMIMO) nodes. We design a distributed cooperative clustering protocol (CCP), which exploits VMIMO's diversity gain by optimally selecting the cooperating nodes (CNs) within each cluster and balancing their energy consumption. The problem of optimal CN selection at the transmit and receive clusters is formulated as a nonlinear binary program. Aiming at minimizing the imbalance in the residual energy at various nodes, we decompose this problem into two subproblems: finding the optimal number of CNs (ONC) in a cluster and the CN assignment problem. For the ONC problem, we first analyze the energy efficiency of two widely used VMIMO methods: distributed Space Time Block Code (DSTBC) and distributed Vertical-Bell Laboratories-Layered-Space-Time (DVBLAST). Our analysis provides an upper bound on the optimal number of CN nodes, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the ONC problem. The second subproblem is addressed by assigning CNs based on the residual battery energy. To make CCP scalable to large WSNs, we propose a multihop energy-balanced routing mechanism for clustered WSNs (C-EBR) with a novel cost metric. Finally, we derive sufficient conditions on the intra- and intercluster ranges, under which CCP guarantees connectivity of the intercluster topology. Extensive simulations show that the proposed approach dramatically improves the network lifetime.
机译：我们探索使用协作多输入多输出（MIMO）通信来延长无线传感器网络（WSN）的寿命。单天线传感器节点被聚集成虚拟天线阵列，可以充当虚拟MIMO（VMIMO）节点。我们设计了一种分布式协作群集协议（CCP），该协议通过在每个群集中最佳选择协作节点（CN）并平衡其能耗来利用VMIMO的分集增益。在发射和接收簇处的最优CN选择问题被表述为非线性二进制程序。为了使各个节点上剩余能量的不平衡最小，我们将此问题分解为两个子问题：找到集群中CN的最佳数量（ONC）和CN分配问题。对于ONC问题，我们首先分析两种广泛使用的VMIMO方法的能效：分布式空时分组码（DSTBC）和分布式垂直贝尔实验室分层时空（DVBLAST）。我们的分析为CN节点的最佳数量提供了一个上限，这极大地降低了ONC问题的计算复杂性。通过基于剩余电池能量分配CN来解决第二个子问题。为了使CCP可扩展到大型WSN，我们针对群集WSN（C-EBR）提出了一种具有新颖成本指标的多跳能量平衡路由机制。最后，我们得出了集群内和集群间范围的充分条件，在这种条件下，CCP保证了集群间拓扑的连通性。大量的仿真表明，所提出的方法大大提高了网络寿命。

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