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Linear reactive control for efficient 2D and 3D bipedal walking over rough terrain

机译:线性无功控制可在崎terrain的地形上高效地进行2D和3D双足行走

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摘要

The kinematics of human walking are largely driven by passive dynamics, but adaptation to varying terrain conditions and responses to perturbations require some form of active control. The basis for this control is often thought to take the form of entrainment between a neural oscillator (i.e., a central pattern generator and/or distributed counterparts) and the mechanical system. Here we use techniques in evolutionary robotics to explore the potential of a purely reactive, linear controller to control bipedal locomotion over rough terrain. In these simulation studies, joint torques are computed as weighted linear sums of sensor states, and the weights are optimized using an evolutionary algorithm. We show that linear reactive control can enable a seven-link 2D biped and a nine-link 3D biped to walk over rough terrain (steps of ~5% leg length or more in the 2D case). In other words, the simulated walker gradually learns the appropriate weights to achieve stable locomotion. The results indicate that oscillatory neural structures are not necessarily a requirement for robust bipedal walking. The study of purely reactive control through linear feedback may help to reveal some basic control principles of stable walking.
机译:人类行走的运动学主要由被动动力学驱动,但是要适应变化的地形条件和对扰动的响应,就需要某种形式的主动控制。通常认为这种控制的基础采取在神经振荡器(即,中央模式发生器和/或分布式对应物)和机械系统之间夹带的形式。在这里,我们使用进化机器人技术来探索纯反应性,线性控制器在崎terrain地形上控制双足运动的潜力。在这些仿真研究中,将联合扭矩计算为传感器状态的加权线性总和,并使用进化算法优化权重。我们证明了线性无功控制可以使7链接2D Biped和9链接3D Biped在崎terrain的地形上行走(在2D情况下,步长约为5%或更长)。换句话说,模拟的助行器逐渐学习适当的权重以实现稳定的运动。结果表明,振荡神经结构不一定是鲁棒双足步行的必要条件。通过线性反馈进行纯无功控制的研究可能有助于揭示稳定行走的一些基本控制原理。

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