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Assessing Machine Volition: An Ordinal Scale for Rating Artificial and Natural Systems

机译：评估机器的自愿性：用于评估人工和自然系统的序数表

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Volition, although often poorly defined, is a concept of interest and utility to both philosophers and researchers in artificial intelligence. In this article, a definition of volition is proposed and a functionally defined, physically grounded ordinal scale and a procedure by which volition might be measured are put forward: a type of Turing test for volition, but motivated by an explicit analysis of the concept being tested and providing results that are graded, rather than Boolean, so that candidate systems may be ranked according to their degree of volitional endowment. It is proposed that volition is a functional, aggregate property of certain physical systems and it is defined as the capacity for adaptive decision-making. The scale, similar in scope to Daniel Dennett's Kinds of Minds scale, is then outlined, as well as a set of progressive "litmus tests" for determining where a candidate system falls on the scale. Such a formulation may be useful for understanding volition and assessing the progress made in engineering intelligent, autonomous artificial organisms.
机译：意志，尽管通常定义不清，但它是人工智能哲学家和研究人员都感兴趣和有用的概念。在本文中，提出了意志的定义，并在功能上定义了基于物理的序数标度，并提出了可以测量意志的程序：一种图灵测试意志，但出于对这一概念的明确分析的动机测试并提供分级的结果，而不是布尔值，以便可以根据候选系统的vol赋程度对其进行排名。有人提出，意志是某些物理系统的功能性，综合性质，它被定义为自适应决策的能力。然后概述了该规模，其范围与Daniel Dennett的Kinds of Minds规模类似，并列出了一组渐进式“石蕊测试”，用于确定候选系统在该尺度上的位置。这样的表述对于理解意志和评估在工程智能的，自主的人造生物中取得的进展可能是有用的。

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