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Editorial: Special Issue on Artificial Rodents

机译:社论:关于人造啮齿动物的特刊

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In fact, this special issue on Artificial Rodents should be dedicated to the renowned American psychologist Clark L. Hull. Indeed, in the mid-1930s, the confrontation of various hypotheses on learning in animals— notably in rats—led him to advocate the design of ultra-automatic or psychic machines making it possible to assess a variety of psychological theories and to perform functional comparisons between artificial and natural systems. He referred to this new methodology as the robot approach—"a prophylaxis against anthropomorphic subjectivism"—a suggestion that triggered the design of several proto-robots, just before the great wave of Artificial Intelligence. Some of these robots were directly inspired from experimental results on rodents, like the "robot rat" of Thomas Ross in 1933— a three-wheeled vehicle that learned by trials and errors to avoid dead-ends in a complex Y-maze—or like the "electro-mechanical mouse" of Claude Shannon in 1951—which was capable of learning various unknown mazes by switching between so-called exploration-strategy and goal-strategy (Cordeschi, 2002).
机译:实际上,这本关于人造啮齿动物的专刊应该专门针对美国著名心理学家克拉克·赫尔。的确,在1930年代中期,关于动物学习的各种假设(尤其是大鼠)的对立促使他提倡超自动或心理机器的设计,从而有可能评估各种心理理论并进行功能比较。在人工和自然系统之间。他称这种新方法为机器人方法,即“预防拟人化主观主义”,这一建议在人工智能浪潮来临之前就触发了几台原型机器人的设计。其中一些机器人是直接从啮齿动物的实验结果中获得启发的,例如1933年托马斯·罗斯(Thomas Ross)的“机器人鼠”(三轮车),它通过反复试验来学习,以避免在复杂的Y型迷宫中死胡同。 1951年的克劳德·香农(Claude Shannon)的“机电鼠标”,它能够通过在所谓的探索策略和目标策略之间切换来学习各种未知的迷宫(Cordeschi,2002)。

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