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Boosting Potassium Storage Capacity Based on Stress-Induced Size-Dependent Solid-Solution Behavior

机译：基于应力诱导的尺寸依赖性固溶行为提高钾的储存能力

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摘要

A prerequisite for successful development of a K-ion battery anode based on solid-solution behavior is to improve its potassium storage capacity. Increasing the solid-solution domain by decreasing the particle size offers a promising strategy for enhancing the potassium storage capabilities of insertion anode materials. Extended solid-solution composition range in nanostructured particles is mainly due to the existence of a coherency strain that suppresses phase separation upon intercalation. Here, the intercalation stress effect in size-dependent solid-solution behavior is explored by insertion of K+ into K2Ti6O13 nanowires with different diameters. K2Ti6O13 nanowires with small average diameter of approximate to 5.5 nm deliver a large initial reversible depotassiated capacity of approximate to 120 mAh g(-1) (deinsertion of approximate to 2.5 K+) at 0.2 C. The remarkably high reversible depotassiated capacity is mainly ascribed to the decrease of the incoherent interface upon potassiation. The direct observation of enrichment of intragranular particles in potassiated K2Ti6O13 nanowires with average diameter of approximate to 38 nm provides evidence of strain-accommodating misfits or dislocations in solid-solution intercalation compounds. This work offers a promising route to utilize coherency strain energy for K-ion batteries with improved specific capacity and alleviated irreversible capacity loss.
机译：成功开发基于固溶行为的K离子电池负极的前提是提高其钾储存容量。通过减小粒径来增加固溶域为提高插入阳极材料的钾储存能力提供了一种有前途的策略。纳米结构颗粒中固溶成分的扩展范围主要是由于存在相干应变，该相干应变可抑制插层时的相分离。在这里，通过将K +插入具有不同直径的K2Ti6O13纳米线中，探索了尺寸依赖性固溶行为中的插层应力效应。平均直径约5.5 nm的K2Ti6O13纳米线在0.2 C时可提供约120 mAh g（-1）的较大的初始可逆去离子化容量（去插入约2.5 K +）。显着高的可逆去离子化容量主要归因于钾化后不相干界面的减少。直接观察平均直径约为38 nm的钾化K2Ti6O13纳米线中颗粒内颗粒的富集，为固溶插层化合物中适应应变的错配或位错提供了证据。这项工作为利用具有更高比容量和减少不可逆容量损失的K离子电池利用相干应变能提供了一条有希望的途径。

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