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Life-Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

机译：电池和电池材料的生命周期评估考虑因素

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摘要

Rechargeable batteries are necessary for the decarbonization of the energy systems, but life-cycle environmental impact assessments have not achieved consensus on the environmental impacts of producing these batteries. Nonetheless, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to inform the development of better-performing batteries with reduced environmental burden. This review explores common practices in lithium-ion battery LCAs and makes recommendations for how future studies can be more interpretable, representative, and impactful. First, LCAs should focus analyses of resource depletion on long-term trends toward more energy and resource-intensive material extraction and processing rather than treating known reserves as a fixed quantity being depleted. Second, future studies should account for extraction and processing operations that deviate from industry best-practices and may be responsible for an outsized share of sector-wide impacts, such as artisanal cobalt mining. Third, LCAs should explore at least 2-3 battery manufacturing facility scales to capture size- and throughput-dependent impacts such as dry room conditioning and solvent recovery. Finally, future LCAs must transition away from kg of battery mass as a functional unit and instead make use of kWh of storage capacity and kWh of lifetime energy throughput.
机译：能量系统脱碳是必要的可充电电池，但生命周期环境影响评估并未对生产这些电池的环境影响达成共识。尽管如此，生命周期评估（LCA）是一个强大的工具，可通知开发更良好的电池，减少环境负担。该审查探讨了锂离子电池LCA中的常见实践，并提出了未来的研究如何更具可诠释，代表性和影响的建议。首先，LCA应将资源耗竭的资源耗竭集成，以对更多能量和资源密集的材料提取和加工，而不是将已知的储备视为固定数量耗尽。其次，未来的研究应考虑到偏离行业最佳实践的提取和加工业务，可能负责额外的部门影响的份额，例如手工钴挖掘。第三，LCAS应探索至少2-3个电池制造设施尺度，以捕获尺寸和吞吐量依赖的影响，如干式房间调理和溶剂回收。最后，未来的LCA必须远离电池质量的KG作为功能单元的转变，而是利用KWH存储容量和寿命能量吞吐量的KWH。

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  • 来源
    《Advanced energy materials》 |2021年第33期|2100771.1-2100771.20|共2页
  • 作者

    Porzio Jason; Scown Corinne D.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Berkeley Energy & Biosci Inst Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA|Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Energy Technol Area 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA;

    Univ Calif Berkeley Energy & Biosci Inst Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA|Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Energy Technol Area 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA|Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Biosci Area 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA|Joint BioEnergy Inst Life Cycle Econ & Agron Div 5885 Hollis St Emeryville CA 94608 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    carbon footprint; environmental impacts; life-cycle assessments; lithium-ion batteries;

    机译：碳足迹;环境影响;生命周期评估;锂离子电池;

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