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A Biodegradable Multifunctional Graphene Oxide Platform for Targeted Cancer Therapy

机译：一种可生物降解的多功能氧化石墨烯平台，用于靶向癌症治疗。

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The design of multifunctional materials able to both selectively deliver a drug into cells in a targeted manner and display an enhanced propensity for biodegradation is an important goal. Here, graphene oxide (GO) is functionalized with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) known to interact with the formyl peptide receptor, which is expressed in different cancer cells, including cervical carcinoma cells. This study highlights the ability of GOfMLP for targeted drug delivery and cancer cell killing and the subsequent degradation capacity of the hybrid. Biodegradation is assessed via Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that GOfMLP is susceptible to faster myeloperoxidase-mediated degradation. The hybrid material, but not GO, is capable of inducing neutrophil degranulation with subsequent degradation, being the first study showing inducible neutrophil degradation by the nanomaterial itself with no prior activation of the cells. In addition, confocal imaging and flow cytometry using HeLa cells demonstrate that GOfMLP is able to deliver the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin faster into cells, inducing higher levels of apoptosis, when compared to nonfunctionalized GO. The results reveal that GOfMLP is a promising carrier able to efficiently deliver anticancer drugs, being endowed with the ability to induce its own biodegradation.
机译：一个重要的目标是设计多功能材料，该材料既可以有针对性地将药物选择性地递送到细胞中，又可以显示出更高的生物降解倾向。在这里，氧化石墨烯（GO）被趋化肽N-甲酰基-甲硫酰基-亮氨酰-苯丙氨酸（fMLP）官能化，该肽已知与甲酰基肽受体相互作用，在不同的癌细胞（包括宫颈癌细胞）中表达。这项研究强调了GOfMLP用于靶向药物递送和癌细胞杀伤的能力以及随后的杂交体降解能力。通过拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜评估生物降解。结果表明，GOfMLP对更快的髓过氧化物酶介导的降解敏感。杂种材料能够诱导中性粒细胞脱粒并随后降解，但它不是GO，这是第一项研究，显示纳米材料本身可诱导中性粒细胞降解，而没有事先激活细胞。此外，与未功能化的GO相比，使用HeLa细胞的共聚焦成像和流式细胞术表明GOfMLP能够将化学治疗剂阿霉素更快地递送到细胞中，诱导更高水平的凋亡。结果表明，GOfMLP是一种有前途的载体，能够有效地递送抗癌药物，并具有诱导自身生物降解的能力。

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