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Engineering Liver Microtissues for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine

机译:疾病建模与再生医学的工程肝脏微观调整

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The burden of liver diseases is increasing worldwide, accounting for two million deaths annually. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the basic and translational research of liver tissue engineering. Liver microtissues are small, 3D hepatocyte cultures that recapitulate liver physiology and have been used in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent advances, challenges, and future directions in liver microtissue research. Cellular engineering approaches are used to sustain primary hepatocytes or produce hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells and other adult tissues. 3D microtissues are generated using scaffold-free assembly or scaffold-assisted methods such as macroencapsulation, droplet microfluidics, and bioprinting. Optimization of the hepatic microenvironment entails incorporating the appropriate cell composition for enhanced cell-cell interactions and niche-specific signals, and creating scaffolds with desired chemical, mechanical, and physical properties. Perfusion-based culture systems such as bioreactors and microfluidic systems are used to achieve efficient exchange of nutrients and soluble factors. Taken together, systematic optimization of liver microtissues is a multidisciplinary effort focused on creating liver cultures and on-chip models with greater structural complexity and physiological relevance for use in liver disease research, therapeutic development, and regenerative medicine.
机译:肝病的负担在全世界正在增加,每年占200万人死亡。在过去的十年中,肝脏组织工程的基本和翻译研究取得了巨大进展。肝脏微观诱导小,3D肝细胞培养物,可重新承载肝脏生理学,并已用于生物医学研究和再生医学。本综述总结了肝脏微观调查中最近的进展,挑战和未来方向。细胞工程方法用于维持源自肝细胞或产生衍生自多能干细胞和其他成种组织的肝细胞。使用无支腿组装或支架辅助方法,例如宏观塑化,液滴微流体和生物印刷制造3D微发射。肝脏微环境的优化需要掺入适当的细胞组合物,用于增强细胞 - 细胞相互作用和特异性信号,并产生具有所需化学,机械和物理性质的支架。基于灌注的培养系统,如生物反应器和微流体系统用于实现有效的营养和可溶性因子交换。肝脏微发术的系统优化是一种多学科努力,重点是在肝病研究,治疗发育和再生医学中使用更大的结构复杂性和生理相关性具有更大的结构性复杂性和生理相关性的多学科努力。

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