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Photogravitactic Microswimmers

机译：照相重力微泳

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摘要

Phototactic microorganisms are commonly observed to respond to natural sunlight by swimming upward against gravity. This study demonstrates that synthetic photochemically active microswimmers can also swim against gravity. The particles initially sediment and, when illuminated at low light intensities exhibit wall-bound states of motion near the bottom surface. Upon increasing the intensity of light, the artificial swimmers lift off from the wall and swim against gravity and away from the light source. This motion in the bulk has been further confirmed using holographic microscopy. A theoretical model is presented within the framework of self-diffusiophoresis, which allows to unequivocally identify the photochemical activity and the phototactic response as key mechanisms in the observed phenomenology. Since the lift-off threshold intensity depends on the particle size, it can be exploited to selectively address particles with the same density from a polydisperse mixture of active particles and move them in or out of the boundary region. This study provides a simple design strategy to fabricate artificial microswimmers whose two- or three-dimensional swimming behavior can be controlled with light.
机译：通常观察到趋光性微生物通过抵抗重力向上游泳来对自然阳光做出反应。这项研究表明，合成的具有光化学活性的微泳者也可以在重力作用下游泳。颗粒最初会沉淀，当在低光照强度下照射时，会在底部表面附近出现束缚的运动状态。在增加光强度时，人造游泳者从墙壁上抬起，并在重力作用下游泳并远离光源。使用全息显微镜进一步证实了该整体运动。在自我扩散电泳的框架内提出了一个理论模型，该模型可以明确地将光化学活性和光战术反应确定为观察现象的关键机制。由于剥离阈值强度取决于颗粒大小，因此可以利用它从活性颗粒的多分散混合物中选择性处理具有相同密度的颗粒，并将其移入或移出边界区域。这项研究提供了一种简单的设计策略来制造人造微泳者，其二维或三维游泳行为可以通过光来控制。

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