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Supercolloidal Spinners: Complex Active Particles for Electrically Powered and Switchable Rotation

机译：超胶体旋转器：用于电动和可切换旋转的复杂活性颗粒

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摘要

A class of supercolloidal particles that controllably spin about their central axis in AC electric fields is reported. The rational design of these "microspinners" enables their rotation in a switchable manner, which gives rise to several interesting and programmable behaviors. It is shown that due to their complex shape and discrete metallic patches on their surfaces, these microspinners convert electrical energy into active motion via the interplay of four mechanisms at different electric field frequency ranges. These mechanisms of rotation include (in order of increasing frequency): electrohydrodynamic flows, reversed electrohydrodynamic flows, induced charge electrophoresis, and self-dielectrophoresis. As the primary mechanism powering their motion transitions from one phenomenon to the next, these microspinners display three directional spin inversions (i.e., from clockwise to anticlockwise, or vice versa). To understand the mechanisms involved, this experimental study is coupled with scaling analyses. Due to their frequency-switchable rotation, these microspinners have potential for applications such as interlocking gears in colloidal micromachines. Moreover, the principles used to power their switchable motion can be extended to design other types of supercolloidal particles that harvest electrical energy for motion via multiple electrokinetic mechanisms.
机译：据报道，一类超胶体粒子在交流电场中可控地围绕其中心轴旋转。这些“微纺纱机”的合理设计使它们能够以可切换的方式旋转，从而引起了一些有趣的可编程行为。结果表明，由于它们的复杂形状和表面上不连续的金属斑块，这些微纺锤通过四种机制在不同电场频率范围内的相互作用将电能转化为主动运动。这些旋转机制包括（按频率增加的顺序）：电动流体流动，反向电动流体流动，感应电荷电泳和自介电电泳。当驱动其运动的主要机制从一种现象过渡到另一种现象时，这些微纺锤显示出三个方向的自旋反转（即，从顺时针方向变为​​逆时针方向，反之亦然）。为了理解所涉及的机制，本实验研究与规模分析相结合。由于它们的频率可切换的旋转，这些微纺纱机具有应用潜力，例如胶体微机械中的互锁齿轮。此外，用于为其可切换运动提供动力的原理可以扩展为设计其他类型的超胶体颗粒，这些颗粒通过多种电动机制为运动收集电能。

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