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Optimized Colorimetric Photonic-Crystal Humidity Sensor Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition

机译：利用掠角沉积法制备的优化比色光子晶体湿度传感器

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摘要

Colorimetric sensing, where environmental changes are transduced into visual color changes, provides an intuitively simple yet powerful detection mechanism that is well-suited to the realization of low-cost and low-power sensors. A new approach in colorimetric sensing exploits the structural colour of photonic crystals (PCs) to create new color-changing materials, however much work is still required to simultaneously achieve optimized sensor response and low-cost, scalable nanofabrication. This work responds to these challenges by designing, fabricating and evaluating a mesoporous PC sensor optimized to exhibit as large as possible color-shift in response to small changes in relative humidity (RH). A novel design optimization is achieved by employing a colorimetric framework that translates simulated/measured spectral quantities into numeric color values directly related to color perception. The sensor design is then realized using a mesoporous TiO_2 PC, fabricated using glancing angle deposition (CLAD). The CLAD technique is a bottom-up, single-step nanofabrication method providing the nanoscale precision required to successfully realize the optimized PC design. The PC sensor is shown to be highly sensitive and stable: the PC structural-color changes visibly due to RH changes smaller than 1%, and the response is stable over hundreds of hours of sensor operation. Additionally, measurements and simulations are used to reveal the important link between the PC optical modes, pore geometry, and sensor response which will be useful in future PC sensor experiments. The combination of bottom-up nanofabrication with visible color-based sensing, coupled with the useful design methodology, will lead to further developments in low-cost, widely deployable optical sensors.
机译：比色传感将环境变化转换为视觉颜色变化，提供了直观，简单但功能强大的检测机制，非常适合实现低成本和低功耗传感器。比色传感的一种新方法利用光子晶体（PC）的结构颜色来创建新的变色材料，但是，仍然需要大量工作来同时实现优化的传感器响应和低成本，可扩展的纳米加工。这项工作通过设计，制造和评估介孔PC传感器来应对这些挑战，该介孔PC传感器经过优化，可响应相对湿度（RH）的微小变化而表现出尽可能大的色偏。通过采用比色框架可以实现新颖的设计优化，该比色框架将模拟/测量的光谱量转换为与颜色感知直接相关的数字颜色值。然后，使用介孔TiO_2 PC（通过掠角沉积（CLAD）制造）来实现传感器设计。 CLAD技术是一种自底向上的单步纳米制造方法，可提供成功实现优化的PC设计所需的纳米级精度。 PC传感器显示出高度的敏感性和稳定性：由于RH的变化小于1％，PC的结构颜色明显可见，并且在传感器运行数百小时后响应仍然稳定。此外，通过测量和模拟可以揭示PC光学模式，孔几何形状和传感器响应之间的重要联系，这将在将来的PC传感器实验中发挥作用。自下而上的纳米加工与基于可见色的传感相结合，再加上有用的设计方法，将导致低成本，可广泛部署的光学传感器的进一步发展。

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  • 来源
    《Advanced Functional Materials》 |2011年第19期|p.3652-3658|共7页
  • 作者

    Matthew M. Hawkeye; Michael J. Brett;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada;

    rnDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada,NRCC - National Institute for Nanotechnology University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6C 2M9, Canada;

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