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Optimal Doping for Enhanced SnO_2 Sensitivity and Thermal Stability

机译：最佳掺杂以增强SnO_2的敏感性和热稳定性

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摘要

Tin oxide nanocrystals (5-10 nm) doped with silica (0-15 wt %) were made by flame-spray-pyrolysis direct deposition onto the sensing electrodes and in situ stabilization by rapid flame annealing. Although increased SiO_2-doping reduced the SnO_2 crystal and grain size, its sensing performance to ethanol vapor (0.1-50 ppm) exhibited an optimum with respect to SiO_2 content. The thermal stability and morphology of SiO_2-doped SnO_2 nanoparticles were evaluated by sintering at 200-900 ℃ for 4-24 h in air. At low SiO_2 content, sintering of SnO_2 was prevented only partially resulting in small sinter necks (bottlenecks) between SnO_2 primary particles (smaller than twice the Debye length). This morphology drastically enhanced the sensitivity toward the analyte by maintaining a thermally stable high surface area and fully depleted connections at the primary particle necks. This enhancement is attributed mostly to the decreasing neck size of the SnO_2-SiO_2 heterojunctions rather than the decreasing SnO_2 crystallite and grain sizes with increasing SiO_2 doping. At high SiO_2 contents, SnO_2 sintering was inhibited as its grains were separated effectively by dielectric SiO_2; this resulted in isolated SnO_2 nanocrystals with drastically reduced sensitivity, thereby effectively being insulators.
机译：通过火焰喷涂热解直接沉积到感测电极上并通过快速火焰退火原位稳定化来制备掺杂有二氧化硅（0-15 wt％）的氧化锡纳米晶体（5-10 nm）。尽管增加的SiO_2掺杂减少了SnO_2的晶体和晶粒尺寸，但其对乙醇蒸气（0.1-50 ppm）的感测性能相对于SiO_2含量表现出最佳。 SiO_2掺杂的SnO_2纳米粒子的热稳定性和形貌通过在200-900℃下在空气中烧结4-24h进行评估。在低SiO_2含量下，仅部分阻止了SnO_2的烧结，从而导致SnO_2初级颗粒之间的烧结颈（瓶颈）小（小于德拜长度的两倍）。这种形态通过保持热稳定的高表面积和一次颗粒颈处的连接完全耗尽，大大提高了对分析物的敏感性。这种增强主要归因于SnO_2-SiO_2异质结的颈部尺寸减小，而不是随着SiO_2掺杂的增加而减小的SnO_2晶粒和晶粒尺寸。 SiO_2含量高时，SnO_2的烧结受到抑制，因为电介质SiO_2有效地分离了其晶粒。这导致分离的SnO_2纳米晶体的灵敏度大大降低，从而有效地成为绝缘体。

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