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References and benchmarks for pore-scale flow simulated using micro-CT images of porous media and digital rocks

机译：使用多孔介质和数字岩石的微CT图像模拟的孔尺度流动的参考和基准

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摘要

We generate a novel reference dataset to quantify the impact of numerical solvers, boundary conditions, and simulation platforms. We consider a variety of microstructures ranging from idealized pipes to digital rocks. Pore throats of the digital rocks considered are large enough to be well resolved with state-of-the-art micro-computerized tomography technology. Permeability is computed using multiple numerical engines, 12 in total, including, Lattice-Boltzmann, computational fluid dynamics, voxel based, fast semi-analytical, and known empirical models. Thus, we provide a measure of uncertainty associated with flow computations of digital media. Moreover, the reference and standards dataset generated is the first of its kind and can be used to test and improve new fluid flow algorithms. We find that there is an overall good agreement between solvers for idealized cross-section shape pipes. As expected, the disagreement increases with increase in complexity of the pore space. Numerical solutions for pipes with sinusoidal variation of cross section show larger variability compared to pipes of constant cross-section shapes. We notice relatively larger variability in computed permeability of digital rocks with coefficient of variation (of up to 25%) in computed values between various solvers. Still, these differences are small given other subsurface uncertainties. The observed differences between solvers can be attributed to several causes including, differences in boundary conditions, numerical convergence criteria, and parameterization of fundamental physics equations. Solvers that perform additional meshing of irregular pore shapes require an additional step in practical workflows which involves skill and can introduce further uncertainty. Computation times for digital rocks vary from minutes to several days depending on the algorithm and available computational resources. We find that more stringent convergence criteria can improve solver accuracy but at the expense of longer computation time. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：我们生成了一个新颖的参考数据集来量化数值求解器，边界条件和仿真平台的影响。我们考虑了从理想管道到数字岩石的各种微观结构。所考虑的数字岩石的孔喉足够大，可以用最新的微型计算机断层扫描技术很好地解决。使用多个数字引擎（共12个）计算渗透率，其中包括Lattice-Boltzmann，计算流体力学，基于体素的快速半解析和已知的经验模型。因此，我们提供了一种与数字媒体流计算相关的不确定性度量。此外，生成的参考和标准数据集尚属首次，可用于测试和改进新的流体流量算法。我们发现，理想横截面形状的管道的求解器之间总体上有很好的协议。如所期望的，分歧随着孔隙空间的复杂性的增加而增加。与具有恒定横截面形状的管道相比，具有正弦变化的管道的数值解显示出更大的可变性。我们注意到数字岩石的计算渗透率具有相对较大的变化性，各种求解器之间的计算值具有变化系数（最高25％）。尽管如此，鉴于其他地下不确定性，这些差异很小。观察到的求解器之间的差异可归因于多种原因，包括边界条件，数值收敛准则和基本物理方程的参数化差异。执行不规则孔形状的附加网格划分的求解器在实际工作流程中需要额外的步骤，这需要技巧，并且可能会带来更多不确定性。数字岩石的计算时间从几分钟到几天不等，具体取决于算法和可用的计算资源。我们发现更严格的收敛准则可以提高求解器的精度，但以更长的计算时间为代价。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Advances in Water Resources》 |2017年第11期|211-235|共25页
  • 作者

    Saxena Nishank; Hofmann Ronny; Alpak Faruk O.; Berg Steffen; Dietderich Jesse; Agarwal Umang; Tandon Kunj; Hunter Sander; Freeman Justin; Wilson Ove Bjorn;

  • 作者单位

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

    Shell Technol Ctr, Shell Int Explorat & Prod, 3333 Hwy 6, Houston, TX 77082 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Digital rock; Permeability; Numerical solutions; Uncertainty; Hydrology;

    机译：数字岩石;渗透率;数值解;不确定度;水文学;

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