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Assessment of bioaerosols at a concentrated dairy operation

机译：集中乳品厂对生物气溶胶的评估

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摘要

Increased bioaerosol loadings in downwind plumes from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) may increase the risk for allergy and infection in humans. In this study, we monitored airborne concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi at upwind (background) and downwind sites at a 10,000 milking cow dairy over the course of a year. The average bacterial concentrations at the upwind site were 8.4 × 10~3 colony forming units (CFU) m~(-3) and increased to 9.9 × 10~5 CFU m~(-3) at the downwind edge of the cattle lots, decreasing to 6.3 × 10~4 CFU m~(-3) 200 m farther downwind. At the same sites, the average fungal concentrations were 515, 945, and 1,010 CFU m~(-3), respectively. Significant correlations between the ambient weather conditions and airborne fungal and bacterial concentrations were identified. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA from bacterial clones and fungal isolates revealed genus and species level differences between upwind and downwind sites. Although we could not cultivate gram-negative bacteria, bacterial clones at downwind sites identified as being gram-negative matched with the following genera: Acinetobacter, Bradyrhiz-obium, Escherichia, Idiomarina, Methylobacterium,rnRalstonia, and Novosphingobium. Fungal isolates from downwind matched with the following genera: Acremonium, Alternaria, Ascomycte, Aspergillus, Basidiomycete, Cladosporium, Davidiella, Doratomy-ces, Emericella, Lewia, Onygenales, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Ulocladium. None of the bacterial and fungal sequence matches were affiliated with genera and species known to be pathogenic to humans. Overall, the data suggest that exposure to bioaerosols in the downwind environment decreases with increasing distance from the open-lot dairy.
机译：集中动物饲养操作（CAFO）在顺风羽流中增加的生物气溶胶含量可能会增加对人类过敏和感染的风险。在这项研究中，我们在一年的过程中监测了10,000头奶牛场上风（背景）和下风位的可培养细菌和真菌的空气传播浓度。上风部位的平均细菌浓度为8.4×10〜3个菌落形成单位（CFU）m〜（-3），在牛场的下风边缘处增加到9.9×10〜5 CFU m〜（-3），在下风向200 m处下降至6.3×10〜4 CFU m〜（-3）在同一地点，平均真菌浓度分别为515、945和1,010 CFU m〜（-3）。确定了周围天气状况与空气传播的真菌和细菌浓度之间的显着相关性。来自细菌克隆和真菌分离株的PCR扩增DNA的序列分析揭示了上风和下风位点之间的属和种水平差异。尽管我们无法培养革兰氏阴性细菌，但在下风位点的细菌克隆被鉴定为革兰氏阴性，与以下属相匹配：不动杆菌属，缓释-扁豆，大肠埃希氏菌，异狄氏杆菌，甲基杆菌，rnRalstonia和新孢子菌。来自下风的真菌分离物与以下属相匹配：顶生菌属，链格孢属，子囊菌，曲霉菌，担子菌，克拉多孢菌，Davidiella，Doratomy-ces，Emericella，Lewia，Onygenales，青霉属，根瘤菌和Ulocladium。细菌和真菌的序列匹配均与已知对人类致病的属和物种无关。总体而言，数据表明，在顺风环境中暴露于生物气溶胶的程度随着与露天奶场距离的增加而降低。

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  • 来源
    《Aerobiologia》 |2010年第3期|P.171-184|共14页
  • 作者

    Robert S. Dungan; April B. Leytem; Sheryl A. Verwey; David L. Bjorneberg;

  • 作者单位

    Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;

    Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;

    Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;

    Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    airborne bacteria and fungi; bioaerosols; CAFOs; dairy; impaction; impingement; polymerase chain reaction;

    机译：空气传播的细菌和真菌;生物气溶胶首席财务官;乳制品碰撞撞击聚合酶链反应;

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