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首页> 外文期刊>Aerobiologia >Risk analysis for biological weed control - simulating dispersal of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary ascospores from a pasture after biological control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop
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Risk analysis for biological weed control - simulating dispersal of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary ascospores from a pasture after biological control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop

机译：生物杂草控制的风险分析-模拟对欧ure草（L.）Scop进行生物控制后从草地上传播的菌核菌菌

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Biological control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. in pasture by the plurivorous plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary may result in the formation, escape and aerial dispersal of ascospores, creating an additional disease risk in down-wind market garden crops. To determine the width of a safety zone for a pasture subjected to this form of weed control, we simulated the spatial pattern in the ratio of added (due to biocontrol) to naturally occurring airborne ascospores (due to market garden crops) around a 1ha virtual biocontrol pasture under either sheep or dairy cattle gazing over a 91-day emission period in 1996 in Canterbury, New Zealand. This was achieved using a unique combination of two computer models; SPORESIM-1D (for spore escape from a vegetation source) and PC-STACKS (a modern Gaussian plume model for dispersal beyond a source). Plumes of dispersing ascospores were modelled for each hour of the emission period for both the virtual market garden and biocontrol sites, and the aerial density of the ascospores was averaged over the period. Assuming that a 1:1 ratio of added to naturally present spores is acceptable, no safety zone was necessary for either of the modeled pastures. A ten-fold ratio (1:10 added to natural) necessitated safety zones of 300 and 150 m for the sheep and dairy pasture respectively. Uncertainties associated with extrapolation of this conclusion to individual pasture management scenarios, and to other years and climatically different regions are discussed.
机译：枸杞（Cirsium arvense（L.）Scop。在草食性植物病原性真菌Sclerotiania sclerotiorum（Lib。）de Bary中，其可能导致子孢子的形成，逸出和空中扩散，在顺风市场的农作物中产生了额外的疾病风险。为了确定经过这种杂草控制形式的牧场的安全区宽度，我们模拟了大约1公顷虚拟环境中添加的（由于生物控制）与天然存在的空气传播的子囊孢子（由于市场园艺作物）之比的空间格局。 1996年，在新西兰的坎特伯雷，放牧了91天的放牧绵羊或奶牛的生物防治牧场。这是通过使用两种计算机模型的独特组合来实现的。 SPORESIM-1D（用于从植物源逸出孢子）和PC-STACKS（用于在源外扩散的现代高斯羽状流模型）。对于虚拟市场花园和生物防治场所的排放时段中的每个小时，对散布的子囊孢子进行建模，并在此期间对子囊孢的空气密度进行平均。假定添加比例为1：1的天然存在的孢子是可以接受的，则对于任何一个模拟牧场都不需要安全区域。十倍的比例（自然比例为1:10）需要分别为绵羊和牧场提供300 m和150 m的安全区域。讨论了与将该结论外推到各个牧场管理方案以及其他年份和气候不同地区有关的不确定性。

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