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International airlines suffering from 'long Covid'

机译：国际航空公司遭受“长科威德”

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One of the nastier features of Covid-19 is a lingering and debilitating illness - a description also perhaps of the pandemic's impact on the international airline industry. Figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) revealed the extent of the damage: demand in early Spring was down 88.7% on 2019 levels, total losses were over $118bn and, more ominously for airline revenues, average load factors were 40% below normal. June numbers were slightly better, at 60% of 2019 levels. IATA is predicting total losses for the year of $48bn, 25% higher than earlier estimates. The US is coming out of the crisis better than expected, with predicted losses of only $5bn. On the other hand, Western European airlines could lose $22bn, double earlier predictions. More positively, IATA recorded a rise in freight traffic, in some cases up by 3% on pre-crisis levels (11% in North America). This reflected a wider economic revival, as well as the shift in consumer patterns to e-commerce emphasising smaller, more frequent shipments. FedEx and UPS have seen quarterly revenues up by 20%. Air cargo is now responsible for 30% of airline revenue, compared to 12% in 2019. The sector and some governments are exploring measures designed to restore confidence in air travel through rapid testing, vaccination passports, 'air corridors' and 'green light' destinations. However, there are still numerous, often draconian, restrictions in place. The emergence of new variants added to the woes facing airlines, airports and associated services. The rollout of vaccination programmes - better in some countries than others - has begun to help but the Delta variant, originating in India, has led to a setback in expectations of a general return to normality.
机译：Covid-19的努力特征之一是挥之不去和衰弱的疾病 - 这也许是大流行对国际航空业的影响。来自国际航空运输协会（IATA）的数字揭示了损害的程度：2019年初春的需求下降了88.7％，总损失超过1180亿美元，而且航空公司收入更大，平均载荷因子下降40％普通的。 6月数字略大，占2019年的60％。 IATA预测今年480亿美元的总损失，比早期估计高25％。美国的危机比预期更好，预测损失仅为5亿美元。另一方面，西欧航空公司可能会损失220亿美元，更早的预测。更积极地，IATA记录了货运的增加，在某些情况下，危机前水平增加了3％（北美11％）。这反映了更广泛的经济复兴，以及消费者模式的转变为电子商务强调更小，更频繁的出货量。联邦快递和UPS每季度收入增加20％。 Air Cargo现在负责航空公司收入的30％，而2019年为12％。该部门和一些政府正在探索旨在通过快速检测，疫苗接种护照，“空气走廊”和“绿灯”恢复空中旅行信心的措施目的地。然而，仍然存在众多，通常是Draconian的限制。新变种的出现添加到面临航空公司，机场和相关服务的困境中。疫苗接种计划的推出 - 在某些国家比其他国家更好 - 已经开始帮助，但是在印度起源的三角洲变体导致了一般返回正常性的挫折。

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    《Aerospace》 |2021年第8期|32-36|共5页
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    KEITH HAYWARD;

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