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Vortex formation on squared and rounded tip

机译：方形和圆形尖端上形成涡流

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摘要

The vortical flow originated from the tip of a NACA 0012 rectangular wing is described in its initial formation and development over a rounded and a squared tip. Smoke visualizations show the rolling-up kinematic and evolution of the vortical systems moving the plane towards the trailing edge. The presence of intense secondary vortices affects the primary vortex unsteadiness and shape during the formation and in the early wake. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry is used to describe vorticity, axial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions of the vortex during the formation and in the early wake at different angles of attack of the wing. The rolling-up of the vorticity sheet around the vortex system is strongly influenced by the vortex shape and the intensity of secondary vortices. Turbulence coming from secondary structures and shear layers is wrapped into the roll-up of the vortex and high levels of turbulence are measured in the vortex core. However, a laminar vortex core is observed for the lower angle of attack in the early wake. Comparing the meandering of the vortex for the two wingtip geometries, two different sources of the vortex fluctuation in the wake are identified: the interaction of secondary vortices moving around the primary vortex and the rolling-up of the vorticity sheet. Lastly, measurements in the wake of the wing at zero incidence are also presented showing a distinctive counter rotating vortex pair.
机译：源于NACA 0012矩形机翼尖端的涡流在其最初的形成和展开过程中进行了描述，该尖端是在圆形和方形尖端上形成的。烟雾可视化显示了涡旋系统的向上运动和演变，这些涡旋系统将飞机移向后缘。强烈的次级涡旋的存在会影响初级涡旋的不稳定性和形成过程中以及早期苏醒时的形状。立体粒子图像测速仪用于描述在机翼形成过程中和在早期尾流中，机翼在不同迎角下的旋涡，轴向速度和湍动能分布。旋涡片在旋涡系统周围的卷起强烈地受到旋涡形状和次级旋涡强度的影响。来自二级结构和剪切层的湍流被包裹在涡流的卷起中，并且在涡流芯中测量到高水平的湍流。然而，观察到层流涡旋核在早期苏醒时具有较低的迎角。比较两个翼尖几何形状的涡旋曲折，确定了尾流中涡旋波动的两个不同来源：围绕主涡旋运动的次级涡旋的相互作用和涡旋片的卷起。最后，还展示了机翼在零入射角后的测量结果，显示了独特的反向旋转涡流对。

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