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Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation

机译：推进效率对转换轨迹的影响

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摘要

Aircraft cause contrails when flying in an atmosphere colder than a threshold temperature which depends on the overall efficiency ηof propulsion of the aircraft/engine combination. Higher ηcauses contrails at higher ambient temperatures and over a larger range of flight altitudes. The ratio of temperature increase relative to moisture increase in engine plumes is lower for engines with higher η. Thermodynamic arguments are given for this fact and measurements and observations are reported which support the validity of the given criterion. The measurements include contrail observations for identified aircraft flying at ambient temperature and humidity conditions measured with high precision in-situ instruments, measurements of the temperature and humidity increases in an aircraft exhaust plume and an observation of contrail formation behind two different four-engine jet aircraft with different engines flying wing by wing.
机译：当飞机在低于阈值温度的大气中飞行时，飞机会引起凝结，这取决于飞机/发动机组合的总推进效率ηof。较高的η会在较高的环境温度和较大的飞行高度范围内转换。对于具有较高η的发动机，温度升高相对于发动机羽流中水分增加的比例较低。为此提供了热力学论据，并报告了测量和观察结果，这些结果支持了给定标准的有效性。这些测量包括使用高精度原位仪器对在环境温度和湿度条件下飞行的已识别飞机进行轨迹转换观测，对飞机尾气中温度和湿度升高的测量以及对两架不同的四引擎喷气飞机后面轨迹转换的观察与不同的引擎，一翼一翼地飞翔。

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