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Evolution of agroforestry based farming systems: a study of Dhanusha District, Nepal

机译：以农林业为基础的耕作制度的演变：尼泊尔Dhanusha区的研究

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This paper examines how agroforestry-based farming systems evolved in the Dhanusha district of Nepal following the conversion of forest into agriculture during the early 1950s. Some data are from two focus group discussions with agroforestry farmers and one meeting with agroforestry experts. The farmers’ discussion traced the development of farming practices from 1950 to 2010 to identify the drivers of land use change. The experts’ discussion resulted in a scale to differentiate the prevailing farming systems in the study area considering five key components of agroforestry: agricultural crops, livestock, forest tree crops, fruit tree crops and vegetable crops. Data related to the system components were collected from the randomly selected households. The study reveals that land use had generally changed from very simple agriculture to agroforestry, triggered by infrastructure development, technological innovations, institutional support (subsidies and buy-back guarantees) and extension programs. A range of farming systems with varying degrees of integration was evident in the study area: simple agriculture; less integrated agroforestry; semi-integrated agroforestry and highly integrated agroforestry. The three types of agroforestry systems, which are the focus of this study, varied significantly in terms of farm size, cropping intensity, use of farm inputs, tree species diversity, tree density, home to forest distance and agricultural labour force.
机译：本文研究了1950年代初森林从农业转变为农业后，尼泊尔达纳沙（Dhanusha）地区以农林业为基础的耕作制度如何演变。一些数据来自与农林农的两次焦点小组讨论和与农林专家的一次会议。农民的讨论追溯了1950年至2010年间耕作方式的发展，以确定土地用途变化的驱动因素。专家们的讨论得出了一个规模，以考虑研究农林业的五个关键要素来区分研究区域内的现行农业体系：农作物，牲畜，林木作物，果树作物和蔬菜作物。与系统组件有关的数据是从随机选择的家庭中收集的。该研究表明，由于基础设施发展，技术创新，机构支持（补贴和回购担保）和推广计划的触发，土地使用总体上已经从非常简单的农业变成了农林业。在研究领域中，各种农业系统具有不同程度的整合是显而易见的：简单农业；农林业一体化程度较低；半整合农林业和高度整合农林业。这项研究的重点是三种农林业系统，它们在农场规模，种植强度，农场投入的使用，树木物种多样性，树木密度，到森林的距离和农业劳动力方面有很大的不同。

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