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Hard Targets

机译：硬目标

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Between October 1942 and October 1943 the US Army Air Forces' Eighth Air Force flew more than 2,000 sorties against German submarine bases at Lorient, Saint-Nazaire, and Brest, in France, and against Bremen, Emden, Kiel, and Wilhelmshaven in Germany. The missions accomplished little against the massive U-boat shelters, but the effort cost the Eighth 135 bombers (including 16 written off), for an unsustainable 5.9 percent loss rate. Shockingly, almost 1,200 airmen were killed or captured in the 119 missing aircraft. Seven decades later, perspective and context help explain these frustrating and tragic events. As with most segments of the US military at the time of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the AAF's antisubmarine warfare (ASW) effort was forced to play catch-up. Informally organized and poorly equipped, the Army AS W mission badly needed long-range aircraft, notably the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, but had to rely on less capable types.
机译：在1942年10月至1943年10月之间，美国陆军空军第八航空队对法国潜艇在法国洛里昂，圣纳泽尔和布列斯特的海底基地以及对德国不来梅，埃姆登，基尔和威廉港进行了2000架次的飞行。这些任务对庞大的U型船掩体几乎没有完成，但这项努力使第八135架轰炸机（包括注销的16架）付出了代价，损失率高达5.9％，难以为继。令人震惊的是，在失踪的119架飞机中，近1200名飞行员丧生或被俘。七十年后，观点和背景有助于解释这些令人沮丧和悲惨的事件。与1941年12月珍珠港时期的美军大多数部门一样，AAF的反潜战（ASW）努力也被迫追赶。陆战队AS W的组织非正式，装备差，急需远程飞机，特别是联合B-24解放者，但必须依靠能力较弱的机型。

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