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Major chemical compositions, possible sources, and mass closure analysis of PM2.5 in Jinan, China

机译：中国济南PM2.5的主要化学成分，可能的来源和质量封闭分析

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摘要

The fine particulate matter samples for 24 h were carried out at the Environment Monitoring Station (EMS) and Shandong Jianzhu University (SJU) sites during 2010 in Jinan City, China. Eight water-soluble ion species were analyzed by ion chromatography, while organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance method, and 20 inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 168.85 μg m−3 at EMS and 148.67 μg m−3 at SJU. The coefficient of divergence was 0.14, 0.19, 0.23, and 0.23 in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively, indicating that there was no obvious spatial difference at the two sampling sites. The highest PM2.5, OC, and OC/EC ratio were in winter because of the enhanced emissions from coal combustion for heating and poor atmospheric dispersion. By the method of enrichment factors, the 20 inorganic elements were divided into three types owing to their sources. Al, Si, and Ti were mainly contributed by crustal sources. Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ba, and Sr were from both natural emissions and anthropogenic sources. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Sn mainly originated from anthropogenic sources such as vehicular exhaust and industrial emission. Chemical mass closure calculation estimated that SO4 2− was the largest contributor and explained 29.66 % of PM2.5 mass at EMS, while 31.64 % was at SJU. The organic matter, crustal matter, and NO3 –, respectively, accounted for 15.12, 12.87, and 13.77 % to PM2.5 at EMS, while it accounted for 13.46, 13.96, and 14.93 % at SJU, respectively. By the positive matrix factorization analysis, the coal combustion and biomass burning, secondary sulfate, soil dust, secondary nitrate, and vehicle emissions were identified as the major emission sources.
机译：在2010年期间，在中国济南市的环境监测站（EMS）和山东建筑大学（SJU）的现场进行了24小时的细颗粒物采样。用离子色谱法分析了8种水溶性离子种类，用IMPROVE热光反射法测定了有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC），采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪和电感法测定了20种无机元素。耦合等离子体质谱。 PM2.5的年平均质量浓度在EMS为168.85μgm-3，在SJU为148.67μgm-3。春季，夏季，秋季和冬季的发散系数分别为0.14、0.19、0.23和0.23，这表明两个采样点之间没有明显的空间差异。冬季最高的PM2.5，OC和OC / EC比是由于采煤燃烧产生的热量增加和大气扩散差所致。采用富集因子法，将20种无机元素按来源分为三类。 Al，Si和Ti主要来自地壳来源。 Na，Mg，P，K，Ca，V，Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Ba和Sr均来自自然排放和人为来源。 Cu，Zn，Pb和Sn主要来自人为来源，例如车辆废气和工业排放。化学物质封堵计算估算出SO4 2-是最大的贡献者，在EMS中占PM2.5质量的29.66％，而在SJU中占31.64％。 EMS的有机物，地壳物质和NO3 –分别占PM2.5的15.12％，12.87和13.77％，而SJU分别占13.46％，13.96和14.93％。通过正矩阵分解分析，确定了煤炭燃烧和生物质燃烧，二次硫酸盐，土壤粉尘，二次硝酸盐和车辆排放是主要排放源。

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  • 来源
    《Air quality, atmosphere & health》 |2014年第3期|251-262|共12页
  • 作者

    Jinxia Gu; Shiyong Du; Daowen Han; Lujian Hou; Jing Yi; Ja Xu; Guanghui Liu; Bin Han; Guangwu Yang; Zhi-Peng Bai;

  • 作者单位

    1.School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 China 2.Jinan Academy of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China 3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China;

    2.Jinan Academy of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China;

    2.Jinan Academy of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China;

    2.Jinan Academy of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China;

    1.School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 China;

    3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China;

    2.Jinan Academy of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China;

    4.Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China;

    1.School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 China;

    4.Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    PM2.5; Chemical species; Mass closure; Coefficient of divergence; Positive matrix factorization;

    机译：PM2.5;化学物质;质量封闭;发散系数;正矩阵分解;

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