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The public health context for PM2.5 and ozone air quality trends

机译：PM2.5和臭氧空气质量趋势的公共卫生背景

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摘要

Tropospheric ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with adverse health effects, including premature mortality. Regulation of these pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency has resulted in significant improvements in air quality over the last decade, as demonstrated by a national network of air quality monitors. However, ambient trends provide limited information regarding either the change in population exposure to these pollutants or how fluctuations in the levels of these pollutants might affect public health. We leverage the spatially and temporally extensive monitoring network in the US to estimate the improvements to public health associated with monitored air quality changes over a 7-year period. We estimate the impacts of monitored changes in ozone and PM2.5 on premature mortality using health impact functions based on short-term relative risk estimates for O3 and long-term relative risk estimates for PM2.5. We spatially interpolate the O3 and PM2.5 data and utilize ozone air quality data that are adjusted for meteorological variability. We estimate that reductions in monitored PM2.5 and ozone from 2000 to 2007 are associated with 22,000–60,000 PM2.5 and 880–4,100 ozone net avoided premature mortalities. The change in estimated premature mortality can be highly variable from 1 year to the next, sometimes by thousands of deaths. The estimate of avoided ozone-related mortalities is sensitive to the use of meteorologically-adjusted air quality inputs. Certain locations, including Los Angeles and Houston see an opposing trend between mortality impacts attributable to ozone and PM2.5.We find that improving air quality over the past 7 years has reduced premature mortality significantly.
机译：对流层臭氧（O3）和颗粒物（PM2.5）与不良健康影响相关，包括过早死亡。正如美国国家空气质量监测网络所证明的那样，在过去的十年中，美国环境保护署对这些污染物的管制大大改善了空气质量。但是，环境趋势提供的信息有限，无论是有关人口接触这些污染物的变化或这些污染物水平的波动如何影响公共健康。我们利用美国在时空上广泛的监测网络，来估算与过去7年中监测到的空气质量变化相关的公共卫生状况。我们使用健康影响函数，根据O3的短期相对风险估算和PM2.5的长期相对风险估算，估算监测到的臭氧和PM2.5变化对过早死亡的影响。我们在空间上对O3和PM2.5数据进行插值，并利用针对气象变异性进行调整的臭氧空气质量数据。我们估计，从2000年到2007年，受监测的PM2.5和臭氧的减少与22,000-60,000 PM2.5和880-4,100臭氧净避免了过早死亡有关。从1年到下一年，估计的过早死亡的变化可能会有很大差异，有时会有成千上万的死亡。避免的与臭氧有关的死亡率的估计值对使用气象调整后的空气质量输入很敏感。包括洛杉矶和休斯顿在内的某些地区看到臭氧和PM2.5造成的死亡率影响之间存在相反的趋势。我们发现，过去7年中改善空气质量已显着降低了过早死亡率。

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  • 来源
    《Air quality, atmosphere & health》 |2013年第1期|1-11|共11页
  • 作者

    Neal Fann; David Risley;

  • 作者单位

    1.Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Risk and Benefits Group US Environmental Protection Agency Mail Drop C439-02 104 T.W. Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park Durham 27711 NC USA;

    2.Office of Atmospheric Programs Clean Markets Division US Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC USA;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Air quality trends; Ozone; PM2.5; Health impacts;

    机译：空气质量趋势臭氧PM2.5对健康的影响;

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