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Development of a scientifically sound agri-environmental indicator tool to address the odour issue

机译：开发科学合理的农业环境指标工具以解决气味问题

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摘要

In response to the need for agri-environmental information and to assess the impacts of agricultural policies on the environment, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada initiated an agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) programme. The need for an odour AEI was identified as a priority. Because of the very large variation in odour emission rates from similar livestock operations, the development of a response indicator for odour is more feasible and practical initially than a state indicator that is based on calculated odour emission rates from livestock operations in specific geospatial (farm, municipal and regional) scales. The response indicator should assess the rate of adoption of odour reduction practices or best management practices (BMPs) by the Canadian agricultural industry. This paper reports on the methodologies used for the collection and critical assessment of information on farm activities and management practices associated with odour generation as well as practices that are actually used or could be used to mitigate odours. The criteria and methodology for calculation of the response indicator and the additional information requirements have also been established. The major sources of farm odour are animals and their manure at confined animal farming operations. Species involved in this project are (1) beef and (2) dairy cattle, (3) swine (hog and sow), (4) poultry (laying hen, broiler and turkey) and (5) sheep. To a lesser level, the project also takes into account pesticides application activities. A list of BMPs is proposed for the development of the scientifically sound odour indicator. An average value of reduction efficiency (in %) is proposed for each selected BMP, according to the range of values from the literature and expert opinions. Ten categories of BMPs were selected through the literature review. The basic structure of the odour indicator is an evaluation table per animal species, which allows determining the odour reduction (in %) associated with applied BMPs for each species. The global odour indicator is obtained after combining the grids per animal species in a study area. Weighting factors between animal species were established to combine the results from the different evaluation grids per animal species. The response odour indicator estimates the adoption rate of odour reduction practices by the Canadian agricultural industry. As there is no simple relationship between the adoption rate of BMPs and odour emissions or even odour impact, the results of the odour indicator require interpretation to compare two situations on a temporal or spatial basis.
机译：为了满足对农业环境信息的需求并评估农业政策对环境的影响，加拿大农业和农业食品部启动了一项农业环境指标计划。已确定需要气味AEI。由于类似的牲畜养殖活动产生的臭味排放率差异很大，因此，与基于特定地理空间（农场，农场，市政和区域）规模。响应指标应评估加拿大农业行业采用的减味措施或最佳管理措施（BMP）的比率。本文报告了用于收集和严格评估有关农场活动信息以及与气味产生有关的管理实践以及已实际使用或可用于减轻气味的实践的信息的方法。还建立了计算响应指标和附加信息要求的标准和方法。农场气味的主要来源是动物及其在有限的动物养殖场中的粪便。该项目涉及的物种有（1）牛肉和（2）奶牛，（3）猪（猪和母猪），（4）家禽（蛋鸡，肉鸡和火鸡）和（5）绵羊。在较小程度上，该项目还考虑了农药施用活动。提出了一系列BMP，用于开发科学的气味指示剂。根据来自文献和专家意见的取值范围，为每个选定的BMP提出了还原效率的平均值（以％为单位）。通过文献综述选择了十类BMP。气味指示器的基本结构是每个动物物种的评估表，它可以确定与每种物种所施加的BMP相关的气味减少量（％）。在研究区域中将每种动物的网格合并后，可获得总体气味指标。建立了动物物种之间的加权因子，以结合每种动物物种不同评估网格的结果。响应气味指标估计了加拿大农业行业采用的减少气味的方法的比率。由于BMP的采用率与气味排放甚至气味影响之间没有简单的关系，因此气味指标的结果需要解释以在时间或空间上比较两种情况。

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