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首页> 外文期刊>Air Traffic Control Quarterly >Ground-Based Sense and Avoid: Enabling Local Area Integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System
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Ground-Based Sense and Avoid: Enabling Local Area Integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System

机译：地面感知和避免：使无人机系统能够在本地整合到国家空域系统中

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摘要

As unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) become more important to the US military and other users, the pressure to allow them to fly in the national airspace increases. The greatest impediment to this is the lack of an alternative means of compliance with federal "see and avoid" regulations to provide the capability to avoid airborne conflicts between the UAS and manned aircraft. To provide this alternative means of compliance, the US Army is leading the development of a Ground-Based Sense and Avoid System (GBSAA). The system uses ground-based radars, threat detection and alerting logic, and decision support display aids to provide an air picture of the UAS's operating environment and follows the DO-254 and DO-178C standards for safety critical avionics hardware and software, respectively. This system will allow greater airspace access and lower cost operations by replacing ground observers in the field with a centralized system, thus consolidating the observer function. The first GBSAA deployment site is expected to go live in 2016 at Fort Hood Army Air Field, Fort Hood, TX, operating under the FAA's Certificate of Authorization process. This paper provides an overview of the system and of a human-in-the-loop simulation-based test exercise that is a key component of the certification of the system. During this test exercise, 19 self-separation violations, in which intruders came within 1 nmi horizontally and 100 ft vertically of the ownship, and no near-mid-air collisions (NMACs) occurred during 195 hours of simulation, including many stressing multi-intruder scenarios, during which reported workload was low and situation awareness was high throughout. All participants ultimately stated that the GBSAA system was appropriate for UAS operations within the National Airspace System (NAS).
机译：随着无人驾驶飞机系统（UAS）对​​美国军方和其他用户变得越来越重要，允许他们在国家领空飞行的压力越来越大。最大的障碍是缺乏遵守联邦“看见并避免”法规的替代方法，以提供避免UAS与有人驾驶飞机之间的空中冲突的能力。为了提供这种替代的合规方法，美国陆军正在领导地面感知与回避系统（GBSAA）的开发。该系统使用地面雷达，威胁检测和警报逻辑以及决策支持显示辅助工具来提供UAS运行环境的航空影像，并分别遵循DO-254和DO-178C标准，以确保安全性至关重要的航空电子硬件和软件。通过用集中式系统取代现场的地面观察员，该系统将允许更大的空域进入和更低的成本运行，从而巩固了观察员的职能。 GBSAA的第一个部署地点预计将于2016年在得克萨斯州胡德堡的胡德堡陆军航空场投入使用，并根据FAA的授权证书程序运营。本文概述了该系统以及基于在环仿真的测试练习，这是系统认证的关键组成部分。在此测试练习中，发生了19次违反自我分离的行为，其中入侵者在自己的船体水平方向1英里内和垂直方向100英尺内，并且在195个小时的仿真过程中未发生近空中碰撞（NMAC），包括许多强调入侵者场景，在此期间报告的工作量很低，并且对情况的了解始终很高。所有参与者最终表示，GBSAA系统适用于国家空域系统（NAS）中的UAS运营。

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