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Landraces from mountainous regions of Switzerland are sources of important genes for stem rust resistance in barley

机译：来自瑞士山区的地方品种是大麦抗茎锈病重要基因的来源

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Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can be a serious disease problem of barley in some production areas of the world. Deployment of resistant cultivars is the best means for controlling the disease. In North America, stem rust of barley has been kept in check for more than 70 years through the widespread use of the resistance gene Rpg1, which was derived from a landrace collected in Switzerland. Rpg1 is effective against many, but not all races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. With the threat of Rpg1-virulent races like TTKSK and QCCJB from Africa and North America, respectively, it is important that additional sources of stem rust resistance be identified in barley. Given that resistance was previously identified in germplasm from Switzerland, the primary objective of this study was to characterize a collection of Swiss barley landraces from the mountainous regions of canton Graubunden for their reaction to stem rust races TTKSK and QCCJB as well as HKHJC, which is diagnostic for detecting Rpg1. From the stem rust phenotyping of 73 barley landraces, we found a remarkably high frequency (> 43 %) of resistance to the virulent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races of TTKSK and QCCJB. In nearly every case, this resistance was due to the rpg4/Rpg5 gene complex as determined by a molecular assay. Two landraces were also found to carry Rpg1 based on their diagnostic resistant reaction to race HKHJC and presence of an amplicon specific for the gene. These results demonstrate that landraces from the mountainous areas of eastern Switzerland are valuable sources of important resistance genes for protecting barley from the devastating disease of stem rust.
机译：小麦锈病引起的茎锈病f。 sp。小麦可能是世界上一些生产地区大麦的严重疾病问题。部署抗性品种是控制该病的最佳手段。在北美，通过广泛使用抗性基因Rpg1抑制了大麦的茎锈病已有70多年了，该基因来自瑞士收集的一个地方品种。 Rpg1对P. graminis f。的许多种族有效，但并非所有种族。 sp。小麦。由于分别来自非洲和北美的Rpg1毒力强的种族如TTKSK和QCCJB的威胁，重要的是要在大麦中鉴定出更多的抗茎锈病来源。鉴于先前已在瑞士的种质中鉴定出抗药性，因此本研究的主要目的是鉴定一批来自格劳宾登州山区的瑞士大麦地方品种，它们对茎锈病TTKSK和QCCJB以及HKHJC的反应诊断以检测Rpg1。从73个大麦地方品种的茎锈表型研究中，我们发现了对强毒的P. graminis f的显着高频率（> 43％）。 sp。 TTKSK和QCCJB的Tritici种族。几乎在每种情况下，这种抗性都是由于通过分子测定法确定的rpg4 / Rpg5基因复合体引起的。基于它们对HKHJC的种族的诊断抗性反应和存在对该基因特异性的扩增子，还发现了两个地方品种携带Rpg1。这些结果表明，来自瑞士东部山区的地方品种是重要的抗性基因的宝贵来源，可以保护大麦免受茎锈病的破坏性疾病的侵袭。

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