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What is metabolic syndrome, and why are children getting it?

机译：什么是代谢综合症，为什么孩子会患上代谢综合症？

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摘要

Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, altered glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity) that occur in obese children. However, metabolic syndrome can also occur in lean individuals, suggesting that obesity is a marker for the syndrome, not a cause. Metabolic syndrome is difficult to define, due to its nonuniform classification and reliance on hard cutoffs in the evaluation of disorders with non-Gaussian distributions. Defining the syndrome is even more difficult in children, owing to racial and pubertal differences and lack of cardiovascular events. Lipid partitioning among specific fat depots is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to mitochondrial overload and dysfunctional subcellular energy use and drive the various elements of metabolic syndrome. Multiple environmental factors, in particular a typical Western diet, drive mitochondrial overload, while other changes in Western society, such as stress and sleep deprivation, increase insulin resistance and the propensity for food intake. These culminate in an adverse biochemical phenotype, including development of altered glucose metabolism and early atherogenesis during childhood and early adulthood.
机译：代谢综合征包括肥胖儿童中发生的一系列心血管危险因素（高血压，葡萄糖代谢改变，血脂异常和腹部肥胖）。但是，代谢综合征也可能发生在瘦弱的个体中，这表明肥胖是该综合征的标志，而不是原因。由于代谢综合征的分类不统一并且在评估具有非高斯分布的疾病时依赖于硬性界限，因此很难定义。由于种族和青春期差异以及缺乏心血管事件，在儿童中定义该综合征更加困难。特定脂肪储库之间的脂质分配与胰岛素抵抗相关，这可能导致线粒体超负荷和功能紊乱的亚细胞能量利用，并驱动代谢综合征的各种因素。多种环境因素，尤其是典型的西方饮食，导致线粒体超负荷，而西方社会的其他变化，例如压力和睡眠不足，增加了胰岛素抵抗和食物摄取的倾向。这些最终导致不良的生化表型，包括在儿童期和成年早期发生葡萄糖代谢改变和早期动脉粥样硬化。

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  • 来源
    《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》 |2013年第2013期|123-140|共18页
  • 作者

    Ram Weiss; Andrew A. Bremer; Robert H. Lustig;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel;

    Department of Pediatrics,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;

    Department of Pediatrics, and The Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Box 0434, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0434;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    metabolic syndrome; obesity; diet; insulin resistance; reactive oxygen species;

    机译：代谢综合征;肥胖;饮食;胰岛素抵抗;活性氧;

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