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Islet p cell mass in diabetes and how it relates to function, birth, and death

机译:糖尿病患者胰岛p细胞量及其与功能,出生和死亡的关系

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In type 1 diabetes (T1D) β cell mass is markedly reduced by autoimmunity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from inadequate β cell mass and function that can no longer compensate for insulin resistance. The reduction of β cell mass in T2D may result from increased cell death and/or inadequate birth through replication and neogenesis. Reduction in mass allows glucose levels to rise, which places β cells in an unfamiliar hyperglycemic environment, leading to marked changes in their phenotype and a dramatic loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which worsens as glucose levels climb. Toxic effects of glucose on β cells (glucotoxicity) appear to be the culprit. This dysfunctional insulin secretion can be reversed when glucose levels are lowered by treatment, a finding with therapeutic significance. Restoration of β cell mass in both types of diabetes could be accomplished by either β cell regeneration or transplantation. Learning more about the relationships between β cell mass, turnover, and function and finding ways to restore β cell mass are among the most urgent priorities for diabetes research.
机译:在1型糖尿病(T1D)中,自身免疫显着降低了β细胞的质量。 2型糖尿病(T2D)由β细胞质量和功能不足所致,无法再补偿胰岛素抵抗。 T2D中β细胞量的减少可能是由于细胞死亡增加和/或通过复制和新生导致出生不足引起的。质量的降低使葡萄糖水平升高,这会将β细胞置于陌生的高血糖环境中,从而导致其表型发生明显变化,并且葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)急剧丧失,随着葡萄糖水平的升高,这种情况会恶化。葡萄糖对β细胞的毒性作用(葡萄糖毒性)似乎是罪魁祸首。当通过治疗降低葡萄糖水平时,这种功能失调的胰岛素分泌可以逆转,这一发现具有治疗意义。在两种类型的糖尿病中,β细胞量的恢复都可以通过β细胞再生或移植来完成。了解更多关于β细胞量,更新和功能之间的关系以及寻找恢复β细胞量的方法是糖尿病研究的最紧迫优先事项。

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