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The effects of expectation on the perception of soundscapes

机译：期望对音景感知的影响

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This paper explores how expectations of a place and its soundscape can affect our perception of that soundscape. Previous soundscape research has included expectation as one possible element of the context in which soundscape evaluation takes place. This work aimed to focus on expectation and unpack it to improve understanding of its different components and how it works. A combination of soundwalks, interviews, focus groups and an interactive soundscape simulation were used in the investigation. A linked series of locations in Manchester and London were studied. It was found that participants' perceptions of a soundscape, both real and simulated, were affected by expectation in several different ways. Participants expected certain types of sound to be present in a particular space. Participants distinguished between whether a sound was expected and whether it sounded pleasant. It was also possible to distinguish between the expectation of particular sound sources and the expectation of the soundscape as a whole. The latter was found to be driven significantly by prior experience of similar spaces and also by perceived loudness. Participants also had expectations about the type of activity they could undertake in a particular soundscape, the behaviour of other people as expressed in the soundscape, and the degree of control they might have over their own exposure to the sound. These findings suggest that expectations of a soundscape are based on prior experience in a way which is consistent with Truax's notion of soundscape competence. The results have been used to produce a new model for soundscape expectation which is expressed as a flowchart.
机译：本文探讨了对某个地方及其声景的期望如何影响我们对该声景的感知。以前的音景研究已经将期望作为进行音景评估的背景中的一种可能元素。这项工作旨在关注期望并对其进行分解，以增进对它的不同组成部分及其工作方式的理解。在调查中结合使用了配乐，访谈，焦点小组和交互式音景模拟。对曼彻斯特和伦敦的一系列联系地点进行了研究。结果发现，参与者对音景的真实和模拟感知都以几种不同的方式受到期望的影响。参与者期望在特定空间中出现某些类型的声音。与会者区分了是否期望声音和听起来是否愉悦。也可以在特定声源的期望与整个音景的期望之间进行区分。人们发现后者是由类似空间的先验经验以及感知到的响度极大地驱动的。参与者还期望他们可以在特定的音景中进行的活动类型，在音景中表达的其他人的行为以及他们对自己暴露于声音中的控制程度。这些发现表明，对音景的期望是基于先前的经验，并与Truax的音景能力概念相一致。结果已用于产生新的音景期望模型，该模型表示为流程图。

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