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A framework for improving urban soundscapes

机译：改善城市声景的框架

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Sound in public urban spaces is often considered in negative terms as both intrusive and undesirable - its referred to as noise! However, this issue is multi-facetted and goes much deeper than simply reducing levels. There are many positive aspects of a soundscape. In an attempt to progress thinking on positive soundscapes and move towards more practical planning approaches and decision making tools for soundscape assessment, this paper proposes an approach traditionally used in product development and manufacturing quality - The Kano Model. The approach is captured in the form of a broader framework which covers: the composition of a soundscape in objective terms; the factors affecting whether it might be perceived as positive; and how the Kano model for product development can be used as a means of understanding the range of applicability of approaches to create positive soundscapes (including several novel approaches which are the subject of other papers in this issue). It can be considered to be complementary with previous frameworks, some of which have concentrated on sound sources, others on the factors affecting perception or even as a model for understanding individual evaluation. In this case the motivation behind the framework is to help assess the likely impact of practical interventions on the positive aspects of a soundscape. The framework proposes that the meaning of "positive" for a public space is quite different for three types of people, each with a different level of direct engagement with the soundscape: planners: serious listeners; users of the space. The first two are influenced by the soundscape itself, either in meeting legislation and reducing nuisance, or as an artistic or creative opportunity. However the third, arguably most important group of people, users of the space, are more concerned with the space itself and have their perception of it influenced by the soundscape, which is an inconvenient and highly complex intermediate step. This influence is largely determined by their activity e.g. reading, holding a conversation, shopping or sightseeing. The paper discusses the further implementation of the framework, and how barriers to the wider application of the concept of positive soundscapes might be overcome. It shows how adapting an approach previously used in automotive sound quality can be adapted for urban soundscapes. It concludes with recommendations for taking the framework forward as a practical approach.
机译：公共城市空间中的声音通常被否定地认为是有害的和令人讨厌的-它被称为噪音！但是，这个问题是多方面的，而且比简单地降低级别要深得多。音景有很多积极的方面。为了改进对积极音景的思考，并转向更实用的规划方法和用于音景评估的决策工具，本文提出了一种传统上用于产品开发和制造质量的方法-Kano模型。该方法以更广泛的框架形式体现，涵盖了：客观上的音景构成；影响它是否可能被认为是积极的因素；以及如何将产品开发的卡诺模型用作了解创建正面音景方法的适用范围的手段（包括本期其他论文所讨论的几种新颖方法）。它可以被认为是对先前框架的补充，其中一些框架集中于声源，其他框架集中于影响感知的因素，甚至可以作为理解个人评估的模型。在这种情况下，该框架背后的动机是帮助评估实际干预措施对音景积极方面的可能影响。该框架建议，对于三种类型的人，公共空间中“正”的含义完全不同，每种人与音景的直接接触程度不同：规划人员：认真的倾听者；用户的空间。前两个因素受音景本身的影响，既要满足法规要求，减少不必要的干扰，又可以作为一种艺术或创造机会。但是，可以说是最重要的第三个人群，即空间的使用者，则更关心空间本身，并对其感觉受音景的影响，这是一个不方便且高度复杂的中间步骤。这种影响在很大程度上取决于他们的活动，例如阅读，交谈，购物或观光。本文讨论了该框架的进一步实施，以及如何克服更广泛应用积极音景概念的障碍。它显示了如何将以前用于汽车音质的方法改编为城市声景。最后提出了将框架作为一种切实可行的方法的建议。

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